Microspheres solid

Fig. 9.1. Metal ion adsorption onto non-imprinted and metal ion-imprinted microspheres. Effect of the pH. Solid circles adsorption of Cu(II) onto Cu(II)-imprinted microsphere, open circles adsorption of Cu(II) onto non-imprinted microsphere, solid squares adsorption of Ni(II) onto Ni(II)-imprinted microsphere, open squares adsorption of Ni(II) onto non-imprinted microsphere. Conditions 0.05 g microspheres, 0.1 cm metal ion solution (5.0 x 10 mol/dm metal ion) and 12-18 h shaking time.

Names glass bead, microspheres, solid beads, hollow microballoons... 

Glass-ceramic microspheres (solid or hollow, 1-100 pm) are finding increasing usage in a range of industrial products, which include plastics, sealants, adhesives, paints and buoyancy materials [65]. 

GA)/LMW PDLLA HMW P(LA-co-GA)/ 37 Phosphate-buffered solution (microspheres) Solid [232]... 

JC Marini, B Stebe, E Kartheuser. Influence of the electron-phonon interaction on a donor like exciton in a semiconductor microsphere. Solid State Commun 87 435-437, 1993. 

The nonporous spherical gels for PCHdC are often specially prepared for research purposes. However, nonporous polystyrene/divinylbenzene beads. Solid Bead, can be obtained in various particle sizes from Jordi Associates, Inc. (Bellingham, MA). Columns packed with these gels can be used for HdC of the polymers that are currently analyzed using polystyrene/divinylbenzene SEC columns. Fumed silica nanospheres are offered by Cabot (Tuscola, IL) (17), and nonporous silica (NPS) microspheres are offered by Micra Scientific, Inc. (Northbrook, IL). These nonporous silica gels may also be used for HdC. 

It is well known that block copolymers and graft copolymers composed of incompatible sequences form the self-assemblies (the microphase separations). These morphologies of the microphase separation are governed by Molau s law [1] in the solid state. Nowadays, not only the three basic morphologies but also novel morphologies, such as ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure, are reported [2-6]. The applications of the microphase separation are also investigated [7-12]. As one of the applications of the microphase separation of AB diblock copolymers, it is possible to synthesize coreshell type polymer microspheres upon crosslinking the spherical microdomains [13-16]. 

Syntactic foam contains an orderly arrangement of hollow sphere fillers. They are usually glass microspheres approximately 100 microns (4 mils) in diameter, provide strong, impervious supports for otherwise weak, irregular voids. As a result, syntactic foam has attracted considerable attention both as a convenient and relatively lightweight buoyancy material and as a porous solid with excellent shock attenuating characteristics. The latter characteristic is achieved... 

A solid emulsion is a suspension of a liquid or solid phase in a solid. For example, opals are solid emulsions formed when partly hydrated silica fills the interstices between close-packed microspheres of silica aggregates. Gelatin desserts are a type of solid emulsion called a gel, which is soft but holds its shape. Photographic emulsions are gels that also contain solid colloidal particles of light-sensitive materials such as silver bromide. Many liquid crystalline arrays can be considered colloids. Cell membranes form a two-dimensional colloidal structure (Fig. 8.44). 

Cortisone acetate has been incorporated into several polyanhydrides (15). The rates of release of cortisone acetate from microcapsules of poly(terephthaUc acid), poly(terephthaUc acid-sebacic acid) 50 50, and poly(carboxyphenoxypropane-sebacic acid) 50 50 are shown in Fig. 8. These microcapsules were produced by an interfacial condensation of a diacyl chloride in methylene chloride with the appropriate dicarboxylic acid in water, with or without the crosslinking agent trimesoyl chloride. This process produces irregular microcapsules with a rough surface. The release rates of cortisone acetate from these microcapsules varied correspondingly with the rate of degradation of the respective polyanhydrides. It can be expected that the duration of release of cortisone acetate from solid microspheres, such as those produced by the hot-melt process, would be considerably longer. 

DL Wilcox, M Berg, T Bemat, D Kellerman, JK Cochran, eds. Hollow and Solid Spheres and Microspheres Science and Technology Associated with Their Eabrication and Application. Vol 372. Pitsburgh Materials Research Society Proceedings, 1995. 

Bioencapsulation is a technology aimed toward the immobilization and incorporation (entrapping) of a biologically active compound on or inside solid particles (microspheres) or liquid vesicles in order to stabilize, stracture, and protect the active compound and allow control of its release. 

Schmitt, M.L., J.E. Shelby and M.M. Hall, Preparation of hollow glass microspheres from sol-gel derived glass for application in hydrogen gas storage. /. Non-Crystalline Solids, 352, 626-631,2006. 

PCA [Precipitation with a compressed anti-solvent] A process for making a solid with unusual morphology by spraying a solution of it into a supercritical fluid. The process resembles spray drying into a supercritical fluid. Used for making microspheres, microporous fibers, and hollow microporous fibers. 

Fig. 5.5 Experimental setup. The diode laser is frequency scanned by one waveform generator, while the other controls the modulation. The light couples from a tapered fiber into and back out of microsphere WGMs, and the throughput is detected. A polarizing beamsplitter (PBS) separates throughput of the two polarizations. A diode pumped solid state laser can be used as an external heat source for the microsphere, and the vacuum chamber allows control over the ambient pressure. Reprinted from Ref. 5 with permission. 2008 International Society for Optical Engineering...

Foss, W. R. Davis, E. J., Transient laser heating of single solid microspheres, Chem. Eng. Commun. 1996, 152 153,113 138... 

They produced high performance electrets from thin polymer films metallized so as to yield high capacitance. Both electrical and mechanical properties of these transducers have been remarkable examples of how applications of science of solids, including knowledge of electron traps, conduction processes in insulators and the viscoelastic phenomena of semicrystalline polymers, can be combined.(6) Incidentally, similar ideas have been applied to optimization of the properties of particle microphones, through assemblies of perfectly microspherical polymer carbon systems. These have shown what limits of performance... 

Bakhtiar 114 adsorbed toluene and iso-octane vapours from a vapour-laden air stream on to the surface of synthetic alumina microspheres and followed the change of concentration of the outlet gas with time, using a sonic gas analyser. It was found that equilibrium was attained between outlet gas and solids in all cases, and therefore transfer coefficients could not be calculated. The progress of the adsorption process was still followed, however. 

Solid and hollow glass microspheres have been made for many years for a variety of applications. Fabrication techniques involving formation of microspheres were pioneered by Beck7 and later expanded by Howell8 and Marshall9. 

Concentrator materials of choice are often polymers. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), or a polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene copolymer (PDMS/DVB) are favored choices for explosive molecules. PDMS are often used in the form of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. PDMS/DVB is often used in the form of microspheres with diameters in the 50- to 75-pm range. Detailed considerations for use of SPME fibers is given on a website maintained by the University of Western England [19], It references a more complete treatise [20], Other geometries, such as stacked spheres, have also been used successfully [21],... 

First, the catalyst is meant to leach out of the capsules into a reaction solution. In this case, the capsules ate not meant to break open but are semipermeable to the catalyst, which diffuses into the reaction mixture over time. This method is t) pically used for metal catalysts or catalyst precursors where the metals leach out and perform the desired reaction. This method is useful because metal-catalyzed reactions typically require lower catalyst loading than organocatalysts (< 1 mol%), and highly loaded capsules can be isolated and reused until exhausted. Such metal catalysts are often touted for their decreased pyrophoricity relative to such catalysts as palladium on carbon (Coleman and Royer 1980 Bremeyer et al. 2002). One could simply use resins, microspheres, or other solid supports as catalyst reservoirs, but capsules are well suited because of their inherently higher surface areas (Royer et al. 1985 Wang et al. 2006). 

The key to the successful application of high performance, pourable nitrocellulose plastisols lies in a reasonably priced, high quality source of fine-particle, at least partially colloided, spheroidal nitrocellulose. Here we are speaking of particles much finer than the well-known ball powder, produced by the Olin Mathieson Chemical Co. for small arms for over 30 years (7). Actually, particles on the order of 5-50/x diameter appear to be required to assure a reasonable continuum of uniformly plasticized nitrocellulose binder in a propellant containing 45% or more of combined crystalline oxidizer and powdered metal fuel. Such a continuum of binder is necessary to assure acceptable mechanical properties and reproducible burning characteristics of the finished propellant. Preincorporation of a certain content of the water-insoluble solids within the nitrocellulose microspheres is an effective means of helping to assure this continuum of binder and alleviates the requirements for extremely small ball size. The use of a total of 45% or more of crystalline oxidizer and (generally) metal fuel is essential if the propellant is to be competitive with other modern propellants now in service. 

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