Microorganisms isolated from soil

Under continuous flow conditions involving feeding, aeration, settling, and reflux, a mixture of jD-chloronitrobenzene and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene was reduced 61-70% after 8-13 d by Arthrobacter simplex, a microorganism isolated from industrial waste. A similar experiment was conducted using two aeration columns. One column contained A. simplex, the other a mixture of A. simplex and microorganisms isolated from soil Streptomyces coelicolor, Fusarium sp., probably aquaeductum and Trichoderma viride). After 10 d, 89.5-91% of the nitro compounds was reduced. p-Chloronitrobenzene was reduced to 4-chloroaniline and six unidentified compounds (Bielaszczyk et al., 1967). 

Chacko et al. (1966) reported that cultures of six actinomycetes (Norcardia sp., Streptomyces albus, Streptomyces antibioticus, Streptomyces auerofaciens, Streptomyces cinnamoneus, Streptomyces viridochromogened and 8 fungi had no effect on the degradation of dieldrin. Matsumura et al. (1970) reported microorganisms isolated from soil and Lake Michigan water converted dieldrin to photodieldrin. 

Among the few preparations showing activity in this assay, was the product of a microorganism isolated from soil by workers at The Kitasato Institute. 

Sixteen microorganisms isolated from soil exposed to the waste effluent from 1,3-DNB manufacture had the ability to effectively degrade 1,3-DNB in synthetic media and 1,3-DNB waste under aerobic conditions (Dey et al. 1986). The percentage degradation of 1,3-DNB ranged from 32% to 87% and from 35% to 92% under stationary and shake culture conditions respectively, in a synthetic medium. 

Biodegradation microbial degradation t,/, = 10.5 d by microorganisms isolated from soil and waste water at 30°C (Kurane et al. 1977, quoted, Russell et al. 1985) ... 

Protease or lipase enzymes were useful for the regioselective aminoacylation of lobucavir. Lipase was also used for resolution of a synthon for the paclitaxel side chain. The paclitaxel side-chain ester was also prepared by reduction of a keto ester precursor. Enzymatic reduction of ketones to chiral alcohols is another reaction that has been widely applicable. C14-deacylase, ClO-deacety-lase, and C7-xylosidase were identified from microorganisms isolated from soil samples and were useful for converting complex mixtures of taxanes found in yew extracts primarily to 10-deacetyl baccatin III, a precursor for the semisynthesis of paclitaxel and analogs. 

Matsumura and Boush (8) incubated C-dieldrin with microorganisms isolated from soil. A number of the isolates degraded dieldrin, and several products were obtained. The only product identified was 6,7-... 

Various microorganisms isolated from soil hydrolyzed carbaryl to 1-napthol. For example, Fusarium solani degraded carbaryl 82% after 12 days at a temperature of 26-28°C (Bollag and Liu, 1971). 

Although E/CO initially photodegraded to fragments more rapidly than S-G and E-St, photo-degradation of the transition metal ion catalysed systems continued to a much lower molar mass. After fragmentation, the peroxidised polymers were incubated in the absence of any other source of carbon with three microorganisms isolated from soil in the vicinity of discarded polyethylene. Two were bacteria (Nocardia asteroides and Rhodococcus rhodochrous) and one was a fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides). It recently has been shown by Delort and co-workers that biofilm formation is very rapid on the surface of peroxidised polyethylene (Fig. 1). 

Bento, F. M., de Oliveira Camargo, F. A., Okeke, B. C., Frankenberger Jr, W. T. Diversity of biosurfactant producing microorganisms isolated from soils contaminated with diesel oi. Microbiol Res. 2005, 160,249-255. 

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