Microorganisms fungi

Biological factors Microorganisms, fungi, bacteria, animals, insects can destroy materials or change their properties... 

Eukaryotic Microorganisms Fungi and Yeasts Metabolism by Fungi... 

Keywords Microorganisms, Fungi, Hydroxylation, Screening, Biotransformation, Metabolites, Phase 1, Phase 11, Glyco conjugates. Toxicology, Pharmacology. 

Apropos nomenclature antibiotics are produced by microorganisms (fungi, bacteria) and are directed against life at any phylogenetic level (prokaryotes, eukaryotes). Chemotherapeutic agents originate from chemical synthesis. This distinction has been lost in current usage. 

Inhibition of Chorismate Synthase Shikimic and quinic acids are used by microorganisms, fungi, and superior plants for the synthesis of essential aromatic amino acids from acyclic sugars. Fluorinated analogues of substrates and reaction intermediates have been synthesized in order to inhibit enzymes involved in... 

A wide range of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, and mycoplasms) mediate substantial losses to crop plants during both the production phase and postharvest period. While Jerusalem... 

Soil microorganisms (fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes) play a major role in the degradation of organic matter, ultimately releasing nutrient elements— about 98% nitrogen, 5-60% phosphorus and 10-80% sulphur to the soil nutrient pool—along with micronutrients such as boron and molybdenum, into the soil for reuse by plants and animals. The role of biotic soils as sources of N and CH4... 

Marine Bacteria. - Faulkner has reviewed marine natural products putting into context those containing glycosides with others and with the natural products of marine microorganisms (fungi and bacteria). As further... 

The move away from OBPA is evident in the product lines sold by Akcros Chemicals, a company that addresses both the material protection and hygienic surface markets. Akcros sells biocides imder the Intercide name for use in PVC, polyolefins and other polymer types. Between them these products can deal with all the various types of microorganism (fungi, bacteria, yeasts). 

At present, the discovery of new polysaccharides relies on screening of the extracellular polysaccharides produced by microorganisms. Fungi and yeasts are also potential sources of new polysaccharides. The production of microbial polysaccharide has the advantages of controlled cost, abundant supply and ease of modification of the chemical structure. These new polysaccharides with new properties may generate new market opportunities. Microbial polysaccharides can be classified as extracellular structural or intercellular storage forms. Extracellular polysaccharide can be either exocellular capsules of the cell wall or loose slime components that accumulate outside the cell wall and then diffuse into the medium. 

The mechanism of extracellular degradation of PHA is not yet well understood. A wide variety of microorganisms (fungi, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria) have been implicated but only Pseudomonas lemoignei, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Comamonas sp. have been studied in detail. Production of extracellular PHA depolymerases is induced by the presence of PHA as the sole carbon source. Generally, a PHB depolymerase acts from the hydroxyl terminus to form dimers (or trimers, depending on the depolymerase) and a trace amoimt of monomer. An... 

Microorganisms, fungi and plants synthesize thiamin but animals have to rely on exogenous dietary sources. In the absence of adequate thiamin intake, thiamin deficiency results in specific diseases. The typical thiamin deficiency syndrome in humans is beriberi, characterized by polyneuritis and paralysis of... 

Figure 10.14 Degradation of a BTA-based copolyester (approximately 55 mol% terephthalic acid) and PCL in soil at ambient temperature and in compost at 60 °C. Weight loss of films (BTA 55 pm thickness and PCL 75 pm thickness) which grew a number of mycelium-forming microorganisms (fungi, actinomycetes), shown to be important for the degradation of copolyesters in compost...

They are essentially rock, the inorganic material. The other artifacts made of plants or animal materials are organic materials, which are subject to chanical, physical, and biological decomposition. Particularly vulnerable are they to the attack by microorganisms, fungi, and bacteria. 

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