Microencapsules lipid

CunaM,G6mezG,RodriguezM,TorresD.Microencapsulated lipid cores for peptide colonic delivery. Proc. Int. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 2000 27 500-501. 

Polymeric microencapsulates and lipid microencapsulates have extensive potential applications in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics [1-5]. Microencapsulates can protect and conserve an active component until its release is desired and stimulated. Polymeric microencapsulates consist of a (biocompatible) polymer matrix in which an active component is encapsulated. Most frequently poly(lactic add) (PLA) or poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) is used as the polymer [6,7], but alternatives have been investigated [8, 9]. Lipid microencapsulates, lipid vesicles and liposomes are composed of a (phospho-)lipid bilayer membrane that encapsulates an aqueous volume, thus mimicking a cell structure. 

Dingier, A., and Gohla, S., Production of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) scaling up feasibilities, Journal of Microencapsulation, 2002, 19, 11-16. 

Teramura Y, Ln M, Kawamoto T et al (2010) Microencapsulation of islets with living cells using polyDNA-PEG-lipid conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 21 792-796... 

Caprylic/capric triglyceride, cosmetically useful lipid, 7 833t Capsanthin, 24 560 Capsicum group, 23 164-165 Capsorubin, 24 560 Capsular polysaccharides, 20 455 Capsules. See also Microencapsulation extruding, 16 446 pharmaceutical, 18 708 produced by spray drying, 16 447-448 Capsule standard platinum resistance thermometers, 24 445 Captafol, 23 629, 647 Captan, 23 628 Captiva camera, 19 307 Captive hydrogen, 13 841 Captopril, 5 148... 

Freitas, C. and Muller, R. H., Stability determination of solid lipid nanoparticles (SEN) in aqueous dispersion after addition of electrolyte. J. MicroencapsuL, 16, 59-71, 1999. Bunjes, H., Westesen, K. and Koch, M. H. J., Crystallization tendency and polymorphic transitions in triglyceride nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm., 129, 159-73, 1996. Freitas, C. and Muller, R. H., Correlation between long-term stability of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and crystallinity of the lipid phase. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm., 47, 125-32, 1999. 

Schwarz C. and Mehnert W., Solid lipid nanoparticles (SEN) for controlled drug delivery. 11. Drug incorporation and physicochemical characterization, J. Microencapsulation, 16, 205, 1999. 

Demirel M. et al.. Formulation and in vitro-in vivo evaluation of piribedil solid lipid micro- and nanoparticles, J. Microencapsulation, 18, 359, 2001. 

Vuillemard, J.C. (1991). Recent advances in the large-scale production of lipid vesicles for use in food products microfluidization. Journal of Microencapsulation, 8, 547-562. 

When the microencapsulated liposomes are left untreated the lipid bilayer provides a barrier to diffusion through which the entrapped protein does not pass until the liposomes gradually become leaky, primarily due to oxidation of the phospholipid side chains. This mechanism results in a delayed release. Triton or sonic treatment of the microencapsulated liposomes provide pulsed re ease. Since both detergent and sonication disrupt lipid bi ayers, the mechanism by which pulsed release is achieved may be that these stimuli initially disrupt the liposomes and then the lipid reforms around some of the protein solution inside the capsule, possibly in an altered lamellar form alternatively, the treatment could disrupt only the more susceptible liposomes, leading to two phases of release, first from the freed protein and later from protein that remained liposome-entrapped. 

C. Bealulac, S. Clement-Major, J. Hawar, and J. Lagace, In vitro kinetics of drug release and pulmonary retention of microencapsulated antibiotic and liposomal formulations in relation to lipid composition,. /. Microencapsulation 14 335... 

Freitas, C., and Muller, R. H. (1999), Stability determination of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) in aqueous dispersion after addition of electrolyte, J. Microencapsul, 16(1), 59-71. 

The formation of inclusion complexes of lipids inside the amylose helix is not the only important factor regulating the functional properties of foodstuffs. The adsorption of lipids on starch surfaces can prevent the separation of components in frozen starch noodles. Such surface sorption reduces the viscosity and adhesiveness of the starch.888 The latter property can also be important in the microencapsulation of medicines. For example, a complex of cornstarch with glucolipids has been patented as an excipient for 3-(p-chlorobenzyl)-6-methoxy-2-methylindole-l-acetic acid.889... 

Santos, I.R.D. Richard, J. Pech, B. Thies, C. Benoit, J.P. Microencapsulation of protein particles within lipids using a novel supercritical fluid process. Int. J. Pharm. 2002, 242 (1-2), 69-78. 

Polymers such as polylysine (22,25,57) and dendrimers (26-28), have been shown to promote transfection at least as well as the cationic lipid-delivery systems. Polylysine, like other polycations, condenses plasmid DNA (58,59), which may impart a protective effect against nucleases and possibly improve its eventual activity within the cell. Polylysine can be covalently coupled to targeting peptides, as discussed later, to achieve improved specificity of uptake. Antigenicity of polylysine is not anticipated to be a concern, evidenced by the use of polylysine as a component of the microencapsulation system used to protect live cells in allogeneic transplantation from immune attack (60-62). 

Heiati, H., Tawashi, R. and Phillips, N.C. (1998) Drug retention and stability of solid lipid nanoparticles containing azidothymidine palmitate after autoclaving, storage and lyophilization. J. Microencapsulation 15, 173-184. 

Drusch S, Serfert Y, Schwarz K (2006) Microencapsulation of fish oil with n-octenylsuccinate-deriva-tised starch Flow properties and oxidative stability. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology 108 501-512. 

The purpose and rationale of probiotic microencapsulation is to confine these bacteria to an impermeable or semipermeable matrix that is able to protect them against external conditions and to form an internal microenvironment appropriate to their survival, with adequate communication between the external and internal environment. Thus, the synchrony associated with the fact that lipid digestion (the wall of the capsule) may effectively occur in the intestines, a site where probiotic may act, shows the potential use of the spray chilling technique. 

In the microencapsulation of probiotics, matrices used in the formula cannot be cytotoxic or antimicrobial. When microparticles go through the stomach, bacteria have to continue retained and protected from the external acid environment, and they should be released only in the intestines, where immunological signaling will occur (Cook et al., 2012). Little is known about the effect of microencapsulation with lipid matrices on probiotic survival. However, it is known than fat/oils are barriers against oxygen and moisture. 

Gamboa OD, Gon9alves LG, Grosso CF (2011) Microencapsulation of tocopherols in lipid matrix by spray chilling method. Procedia Food Science 1 1732-1739. 

Muller RH, Radtke M, Wissing SA (2002a) Nano structured lipid matrices for improved microencapsulation of drugs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 242 121-128. 

Although there are various materials available for encapsulation and so as technologies, the challenges do exist concerning the selection of appropriate microencapsulation technique and encapsulation material. The cost consideration of materials for food applications need to be taken into account unlike the pharmaceutical industry, which can tolerate high costs. The majority of materials used for microencapsulation in the food sector are bio-based materials such as carbohydrate polymers (polysaccharides), proteins, lipids, etc. 

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