Microdialysis cutaneous

M. Kreilgaard. Assessment of cutaneous drug delivery using microdialysis. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 54 S99-S I2 I (2002). 

F.-X. Mathy, A.-R. Denet, B. Vroman, P. Clarys, A. Barel, R. Verbeeck, and V. Preat. In vivo tolerance assessment of skin after insertion of subcutaneous and cutaneous microdialysis probes in the rat. Skin Pharmacol. Physiol. 16 18-27 (2003). 

S. Bielecka-Grzela and A. Klimowicz. Application of cutaneous microdialysis to evaluate metronidazole and its main metabolite concentrations in the skin after a single oral dose. J. Clin. Pharm. Ther. 28 465 169 (2003). 

L. Simonsen, A. Jorgensen, E. Benfeldt, and L. Groth. Differentiated in vivo skin penetration of salicylic compounds in hairless rats measured by cutaneous microdialysis. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 21 379-388 (2004). 

Groth L, Jorgensen A, Serup J. Cutaneous microdialysis in the rat insertion trauma and effect of anaesthesia studied by laser Doppler perfusion imaging and histamine release. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology 1998, 11, 125-132. 

Petersen LJ, Kristensen JK, Bulow J (1992) Microdialysis of the interstitial water space in human skin in vivo—Quantitative measurement of cutaneous glucose concentrations. J Invest Dermatol 99357-360. 

Petersen LJ, Poulsen LK, Sondergaard J, Skov PS (1994) The use of cutaneous microdialysis to measure substance P-induced histamine release in intact human skin in vivo. J Allergy Clin Immunol 94 773-783. 

Kreilgaard, M., Kemme, M.J.B., Burggraaf, J., Schoemaker, R.C. and Cohen, A.F. (2001) Influence of a microemulsion vehicle on cutaneous bioequivalence of a lipophilic model drug assessed by microdialysis and pharmacodynamics. Pharm. Res., 18, 593-599. 

Kreilgaard, 2001). The anesthetic effect of the two formulations indicated similar cutaneous absorption profiles of lidocaine from both formulations. Howcvct, a threefold increase in apparent absorption rate and a significant decrease in lag time of lidocaine applied in microemulsion vehicle compared to 5% xylocaine were demonstrated with cutaneous microdialysis. This study illustrated that, compared to the pharmacodynamic model, the microdialysis technique has higher sensitivity and less variability to access bioeqmvalence of topically applied chemicals. 

Benfeldt, E., 1999, In vivo microdialysis for the investigation of drug levels in the dermis and the effects of barrier perturbation on cutaneous drug penetration studies in hairless rats and human subjects, Acta Dermatol. Venereal. Suppl., 206, 7-54. 

Benfeldt, E., Serup, J., and Menne, T., 1999, Effect of barrier perturbation on cutaneous salicylic acid penetration in human skin in vivo pharmacokinetics using microdialysis and non-invasive quantification of barrier function, Br. J. Dermatol., 140, 739-748. 

Groth, L. and Serup, J., 1998, Cutaneous microdialysis in man effects of needle insertion trauma and anaesthesia on skin perfusion, erythema and skin thickness, Appl. Infrared Spectrosc. Med. Biol., 78, 5-9. 

Hegemann, L., Forstinger, C., Partsch, B., Lagler, I., Krotz, S., and Wolff, K. (1995). Microdialysis in cutaneous pharmacology kinetic analysis of transdermally delivered nicotine, J. Invest. Dermatol, 104 839-843. 

Determination of the effects of changes in blood flow through the various regions of the cutaneous microvasculature is obviously not possible using traditional Franz-type isolated membrane diffusion cell studies. The ultimate goal of experimental systems is usually to allow quantitative prediction of the absorption and distribution of topically applied solutes that wfll be applicable to the in vivo situation. Therefore, we can deduce that studies examining the effects of changes in cutaneous blood flow are limited to experimental models in which the microvasculature has been preserved and can be effectively perfused and manipulated. Models reported in the htraature to date include isolated perfused tissue models, anesthetized animal studies, and more recently human and animal cutaneous microdialysis studies. 

Few studies have examined concentration depth relationships below the topical application site after topical administration in man (Cross et al., 1998 Muller, et al., 1997). In general, studies conducted to date emphasized the use of cutaneous microdialysis and showed a decrease in levels with increasing depth. A key difficulty is the variability in levels with depth, as illustrated by the work or Muller et al. (1997) (Figure 13.15). 

Cutaneous microdialysis has also been used to examine the role of vasoconstriction on transport of drugs through hmnan skin (Boutsiouki et al., 2001 Morgan et al., 2003). The organophosphorus insecticide malathion is observed following topical application to human volunteers in microdialysate after 30 min, with a steady state reached after 2 h (Boutsiouki et al., 2001). Adding the vasoconstrictor noradrenaline... 

Ortiz PG, Hansen SH, Shah VP, Menne T, Benfeldt E. The effect of irritant dermatitis on cutaneous bioavailability of a metronidazole formulation, investigated by microdialysis and dermatopharmacokinetic method. Contact Dermatitis. 2008 59 23-30. 

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