Microbiological effects

On exterior surfaces, microbial growth can result in wide ranging problems. 

Safety issues of slipping are also relevant for plastics intended for human traffic such as decking. 

Tricresyl phosphate Diisooctyl adipate Dibenzyl sebaeate 

Diisooctyl phthalate Diisooctyl sebaeate Polypropylene sebaeate 

Dioctyl phthalate Butyl stearate Methyl ricinoleate 

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G. Qros, T. Cserhati and E. Forgacs, Separation of the strength and selectivity of the microbiological effect of synthetic dyes by spectral mapping technique. Chemosphere, 52 (2003) 185-193. G. Oros, T. Cserhati and E. Forgacs, Strength and selectivity of the fungicidal effect of diazobenzene dyes. Fres. Env. Bull., 10 (2001) 319-322. 

Junnila, S., H. Heinonen-Tanski, L.-R. Ervio, and P. Laitinen (1993). Phytotoxic persistence and microbiological effects of metribuzin in different soils. Weed Res., 33 213-223. 

Coupling with Natural Attenuation (Microbiological Effects)... 

Drug Interactions with Lithium Lithium and the Thyroid Gland Lithium and Bone Microbiological Effects of Lithium Conclusion References... 

A method is being developed to transform actinide ions in the near surface environment to less soluble, less reactive, thermodynamically stable phosphate minerals phases through application of organophosphorus complexants. These complexants decompose slowly, releasing phosphate to promote the formation of stable phosphate mineral phases, particularly with the more soluble trivalent, pentavalent, and hexavalent actinide ions. The complexant of choice, myo-inositol(hexakisphosphoric acid) or phytic acid, is a natural product widely used as a nutritional supplement. We have determined that phytic acid decomposes slowly in the absence of microbiological effects, that crystalline phosphate minerals are formed as a consequence of its decomposition, and that the formation of actinide (lanthanide) phosphates reduces the solubility of trivalent and hexavalent metal ions under environmental conditions. 

We have shown that phytic acid readily hydrolyzes to produce phosphate with a projected lifetime of 100-150 years in the absence of microbiological effects, that actinide-phytate compounds are insoluble, and that europium and uranyl phytates are converted to phosphates within a month at 85 °C. Thorium solubility, on the other hand, is controlled by hydroxide or oxide species. Furthermore, the solubilities of radiotracer europium and uranyl are reduced by phosphate dosing of a simulated groundwater solution, even in the presence of citric acid. In the same systems, neptunium(V) solubility is only affected by 0.01 M phosphate at pH greater than 7. The results of these tracer-scale immobilization experiments indicate that phosphate mineral formation from representative deposits is under thermodynamic control. 

FDA Center for Veterinary Medicine Guidance Documents. Guidance for Industry Evaluating the Safety of Antimicrobial New Animal Drags with Regard to Their Microbiological Effects on Bacteria of Human Health Concern. Document No. 152. Version October 2003. 

The minimum acceptable limit for the content of preservatives in a drug product should be demonstrated as microbiologically effective by performing a microbial challenge assay of the drug formulated with an amount of preservative less than the minimum amount specified as acceptable. This approach provides a margin of safety within the limit and a margin of error for the assays. In addition, compatibility of the preservative system with the container, closure, formulation, and devices (e.g., pumps,... 

Samuelson OB, Solheim E, Lunestad BT, Fate and microbiological effects of furazolidone in marine aquaculture sediment, Sci. Total Environ. 1991 108 275-283. 

MacDougall, J. (1969). Microbiological effects in the corrosion of metals. Australian Corros. Eng., 13, 13-16. 

By filling the lumen of the catheter with such a solution the formation of blood clots is prevented and the flow is maintained. Sodium citrate solution is an alternative for a concentrated heparin solution and should be preferred because of the anti-microbiological effect [20]. Citra-Lock is available as a medical device. This product contains 46,7 % sodium citrate and is CE registered class lib. Are there justifiable reasons to prepare the solution This could be for example when the marketed product is associated with more side effects due to the higher concentration, or is delivered in a container that is hard to use in practice. If those reasons are absent, then the marketed product is to be preferred. 

Section V on Testing in Environments (H. Hack, Section Editor) includes chapters on outdoor and indoor atmospheres, seawater, fresh water, soils, concrete, industrial waters, industrial chemical, petroleum, high-temperature gases, organic liquids, molten salts, liquid metals, corrosion inhibitors, in-vivo, and microbiological effects. Each chapter provides a descriptive overview of the environment and factors and variables affecting corrosion rates and mechanisms. 

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