Protein microbial

Animal Nutrition. Sulfur in the diets of mminant animals is beneficial to the animals growth (see Eeedsand FEED ADDITIVES). Sulfur increases feed intake, cellulose and dry matter digestion, and the synthesis of microbial protein. This results in increased meat, milk, and wool production (43). The special uses for sulfur in agriculture demonstrate a significant and continuing need for increased use of sulfur (44). 

Microbial protein (SCP) Candida utilis Pseudomonas methylotroph Food supplements... 

In addition to protein impurities emanating directly from the source material, other proteins may be introduced during upstream or downstream processing. For example, animal cell culture media are typically supplemented with bovine serum/foetal calf serum (2-25 per cent), or with a defined cocktail of various regulatory proteins required to maintain and stimulate growth of these cells. Downstream processing of intracellular microbial proteins often requires the addition of... 

Intracellular enzymes and other microbial proteins are of increasing interest. Processes for their purification may be divided into five stages ... 

Pongpan, A., W. Avirutnant, and P. Ghumsri. Some Thai plants as substrates for microbial protein production. Mahidol Univ J Pharm Sci 1983 10(1) 15-18. 

In contrast to the isolation of small molecules, the isolation and purification of microbial proteins is tedious and often involves a number of expensive large-scale chromatographic operations. 

Chloramphenicol is a potent inhibitor of microbial protein synthesis. It acts by... 

Chloramphenicol inhibits hepatic microsomal enzymes that metabolize several drugs. Half-lives are prolonged, and the serum concentrations of phenytoin, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, and warfarin are increased. Like other bacteriostatic inhibitors of microbial protein synthesis, chloramphenicol can antagonize bactericidal drugs such as penicillins or aminoglycosides. 

If such enzymes occur at the same levels in relevant microbial populations, Vmax may be directly related to other metrics of biomass presence such as cell numbers, biomass dry weight, or protein concentrations. In an attempt to enable extending results from one system to another (e.g., from laboratory observations to field situations), one often normalizes Fmax by such biomass parameters. For example, in Table 17.7, the observed Vmax values are normalized to the protein contents of the tested microbial populations or isolated enzymes, and the result is given as values Vmax (the prime is added to emphasize the normalization). To apply such information to new situations, one must multiply the normalized maximum velocities by a measure of the relevant enzyme concentration or biomass protein in the new system of interest (e.g., Vmax x microbial protein content in new case involving intact microorganisms). Of course, one is assuming that the ratio of enzyme to total protein is the same in the old and new situation. 

Both pilot-plant and plant-scale processes for cellulose hydrolysis or digestion by acids, enzymes, and microorganisms have been built (I, 7,15,27). Acid and enzyme processes usually have as their objective the production of a sugar syrup, while the microbial process usually results in microbial protein for animal feed. Figure 10 is illustrative of a microbial process (29) that has been developed to convert the unused cellulosic material in manure to recycle feed. Similar processes have been developed... 

Substance into Energy, Chemicals and Microbial Protein, New Delhi,... 

Symp. on Bioconversion of Cellulosic Substances into Energy, Chemi- cals and Microbial Protein, New Delhi, Feb 1977, pp. 165-178. 

Energy Chemicals and Microbial Protein Aroon Purieat Thomson Fariaabad, Haryana, India, 1978 pp. 111-141. 

Mishra, C. Phansalkar, S. B. Rao, M. Seeta, R. Srinivasan, M. C. Jagannathan, V. In Bioconversion of Cellulosic Substances into Energy, Chemicals and Microbial Protein Goose, T. K., Ed. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zurich, 1977 pp 387-395. 

Substances into Energy, Chemicals and Microbial Protein Goose, T. K., Ed. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zurich, 1977 pp 249-268. 

Fermenter-derived products Microbial proteins Food additives... 

Changes in biomass concentration throughout the fermentation process were followed by optical density (OD) measurement at 580 nm using an Ultrospec 2000 Spectrophotometer. Quantitative biomass concentration was assayed applying microbiuret cell protein determination (16). Biomass concentration was expressed in grams of dry matter per liter of fermentation broth by assuming a twofold multiplication constant for microbial protein to cell mass. For carbon balance calculations, the elemental composition of C. saccharolyticus was assumed to be CH1 8O0 5N0 2 (24.6 mg/mmol). 

HAMAP Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics Database of completely sequenced microbial proteome sets and manually curated microbial protein families in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (http //hamap.expasy.org/)... 

Seguro, K., Nio, N., Motoki, M. 1996b. Some characteristics of a microbial protein cross-linking enzyme Transglutaminase. In Parris, N., Kato, A., Creamer, L.K., Pearce, J. (Eds.), Macromolecular Interactions in Food Technology. American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., pp. 271-280. 

Moo-Young, M., Chahal, D. S., Vlach, D., in Bioconversion of Cellulosic Substances into Energy, Chemicals, and Microbial Protein (ed.), Ghose, T. K., p. 457, ITT Delhi and SFIT Zurich (1978)... 

Fc fragment is relatively constant and is, as such, used very largely to standardize the separation. Specific portions of Fc fragment are recognized by some microbial proteins such as protein A from Staphylococcus aureus24 (designated also as SpA) this was at the basis of the extraordinary development of protein A resins used extensively today for antibody separation at any scale. 

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