Microbial activity ecology

S. J. Grayston, D. Vaughan, and D. Jones, Rhizosphere carbon flow in trees, in comparison with annual plants the importance of root exudation and its impact on microbial activity and nutrient availability. Applied Soil Ecology 5 29 (1996). 

Gonzalez-Lopez, J., C. Pozo, V. Salmeron, B. Rodelas, and M.V. Martinez-Toledo. 1997. Chlorpyrifos and soil microbial activity. Pages 539-549 in P.N. Cheremisinoff (ed.). Ecological Issues and Environmental Impact Assessment. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX. 

Murray, A. H., lason, G. R., and Stewart, C. (1996). Effect of simple phenolic compounds of heather [Calluna vulgaris) on rumen microbial activity in vitro. Journal ofChemical Ecology 22, 1493-1504. 

Chemin, L., Chet I. Microbial enzymes in biocontrol of plant pathogens and pests. In, Enzymes in the Environment Activity, Ecology, and Applications. Burns, R.G, Dick, R.P., eds. Marcel Dekker New York, 2002 pp. 171-225. 

Kuehn, K. A. Suberkropp, K. (1998b). Diel fluctuations in microbial activity associated with standing-dead litter of the freshwater emergent macrophyte Juncus effiims. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 14, 171-82. 

Remsen, C. C., Carpenter, E. J., and Schroeder, B. W. (1972b). The role of urea in marine microbial ecology. In Effect of the Ocean Environment on Microbial Activities (ColweU, R. R., and Morita, R. Y., eds.). University Park Press, Baltimore, pp. 286—304. 

Chrost, R.J. and Siuda, A. (2002) Ecology of microbial enzymes in lake ecosystems. In Burns, R.C. and Dick, R.P. (eds) Enzymes in the Environment Activity Ecology and Applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 35-72. 

Nausch, M. (1997) Microbial activities on Trichodesmium colonies. Marine Ecology Progress Series 141, 173-181. 

There are conflicting reports on the ecological effect of toxic organics in Lonisiana coastal areas. In a recent stndy in which petrolenm was applied in doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 L m to replicated plots in a S. alterniflora salt marsh, it was found that oiling the marsh cansed no rednction in macrophyte prodnction as compared to the nonoiled plots (DeLaune et al., 1984). Likewise, there was no oil-indnced mortality for the marsh microfauna or meiofauna. This is an example of contaminant level, which was considered to be snfficiently high to adversely affect microbial activity and snbseqnently the physicochemical sediment environment. 

However, little is currently known about the impact of endophytes on food web dynamics in any natural ecosystem. There is a potential for the grass/endophyte symbiosis to impact more than the associated animal and plant communities. The ecosystem level consequences of endophytes have begun to be considered by a few researchers [106]. These consequences include carbon flow into soil food webs, such as the endophyte effects on litter decomposition and soil microbial activity and changes in soil nutrients availability and secondary compounds that may feedback to the plant community. The two agronomic species L. arundinaceum and L. perenne investigated the most are not native to places where they have been studied (United States and New Zealand) [106]. Further studies in natural ecosystem remain to be done before realistic ecological impact of endophytes can be studied. 

De Beer D, Kiihl M (1998) Interfacial processes, gradients and metabolic activity in microbial mats and biofilms. In Boudreau B, Jorgensen BB (eds) The benthic boundary layer. Oxford University Press, Oxford De Beer D, Schramm A, Santegoeds CM, Nielsen HK (1998) Anaerobic proasses in activated sludge. Wat Sci Technol 37(4—5) 605-608 De Beer D (1999a) Use of microelectrodes to measure in situ microbial activities in biofilms, sediments and microbial mats. In Akkermans ADL, van Elsas JD, de Bruin FJ (eds) Mol nilar microbial ecology manual. Kluwer, Dordrecht... 

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