Microbe pathogens/pathogenicity

No more than 5.0% samples total coliform-positive in a month, (For water systems that collect fewer than 40 routine samples per month, no more than one sample can be total coliform-positive). Every sample that has total coliforms must be analyzed for fecal coliforms. There may not be any fecal coliforms or E. coli. Fecal coliform and E. coli are bacteria whose presence indicates that the water may be contaminated with human or animal wastes. Disease-causing microbes (pathogens) in these wastes can cause diarrhea, cramps, nausea, headaches, or other symptoms. These pathogens may pose a special health risk for infants, young children, and people with severely compromised immune systems. 

Khan, NA. Pathogenesis of Acanthamoeba infections. Microb Pathogen 2003 34 277-285. 

Ueda S, Eujiwara N, Naka T, Sakaguchi 1, Oze-ki Y, Yano 1, Kasama T, Kobayashi K (2001) Microb Pathogen 30 91... 

Peterson JW, Jackson CA, Reitmeyer JC (1990) Synthesis of prostaglandins in cholera toxin-treated Chinese hamster ovary cells. In Microb. Pathogen. 9 345-353. 

Uesaka Y, Otsuka Y, Lin Z, et al. (1994) Simple method of purification of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin using immobilized galactose. In Microb. Pathogen. 16 71 -76. 

Bongaerts GPA, Lyerly DM (1994) Mini-review Role of toxins A and B in the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile disease. In Microb. Pathogen. 17 1-12. 

Florin 1, Thelestam M (1986) Lysosomal involvement in cellular intoxication with Clostridium difficile toxin B. In Microb. Pathogen. 1 373-385. 

Florin I (1991) Isolation of a fibroblast mutant resistant to Clostridium difficile toxins A and B. in Microb. Pathogen. 11 337-346. 

Henriques B, Florin I, Thelestam M (1987) Cellular internalization of Clostridium difficile toxin A. In Microb. Pathogen. 2 455—463. 

Dove CH, Wang SZ, Price SB etal. (1990) Molecular characterization of the Clostridium difficile toxin A gene. In Infect. Immun. 58 480—8 Eichel-Streiber C, Harperath U, Bosse D etal. (1987) Purification of two high molecular weight toxins of Clostridium difficile which are antigenetically related. In Microb. Pathogen. 2 307-18... 

Bassford P J, Silhavy T J, Beckwith J R (1979). Use of gene fusion to study secretion of maltose-binding protein into Escherichia coli periplasm. J. Bact. 139 19-31. Yamanaka H, Nomura T, Fuji Y, Okamoto K (1998). Need for TolC, an Escherichia coli outer membrane protein, in the secretion of heat-stable enterotoxin I across the outer membrane. Microb. Pathogen. 25 111-120. 

Oz HS, Hughes WT, Rehg JE, Thomas EK. Etfect of CD40 ligand and other immimomodulators on Pneumocystis carinii infection in rat model. Microb Pathogen 2000 29(3) 187-190. 

Antibiotics (qv) have been fed at subtherapeutic levels to promote mminant animal growth. Possible reasons for the observed growth include decreased activity of microbes having a pathogenic effect on the animal, decreased production of microbial toxins, decreased microbial destmction of essential nutrients, increased vitamin synthesis or synthesis of other growth factors, and increased nutrient absorption because of a thinner intestinal wall... 

Coliform bacteria Non-pathogenic microbes found in fecal matter that indicate the presence of water pollution are thereby a guide to the suitability for potable use. Colloids Very small, finely divided solids (particles that do not dissolve) that remain dispersed in a liquid for a long time due to their small size and electrical charge. 

Microbes responsible for skin infection often arise from the normal skin flora which includes Staph, aureus. In addition Strep, pyogenes, Ps. aeruginosa and anaerobic bacteria are other recognized pathogens. Vimses also affect the skin and mucosal surfaces, either as a result of generalized infection or localized disease as in the case of herpes simplex. The latter is amenable to antiviral therapy in selected patients, although for the majority of patients, vims infections of the skin are self-limiting. 

Cervone F., De Lorenzo G., Degr L. and Saivi G. in Recognition in Microbe-Plant Symbiotic and Pathogenic Interactions. NATO ASI Series, Vol. H4, ed. B. Lugtenberg (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, FRG, 1986) p. 253. 

Hahn M. G., Bucheli P., Cervone F., Doares S. H., O Neill R. A., Darvill A. Albersheim P. (1989). Roles of cell wall constituents in plant-pathogen interactions. In Nester E. Kosuge T., ed. Plant Microbe Interactions, Vol. 4. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., 131-181. 

---