Microarray manufacturing technology

The microarray technology was developed at the Stanford University in the early 1990s [2]. From the beginning, it was clear that this technique could have the same impact in biomedical and biotechnological research that the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) had in the 1980s. PCR reactions are now extensively used in microarray manufacturing. 

A review of biochips and microarrays [4] considers requirements for biochemical and medical diagnostic applications, focusing on sihcon manufacturing technology coupled with magnetic beads, nucleic acid recognition, and enzyme catalysis. This review includes optical as well as electrochemical measurement methods. 

The second platform for DNA microarray fabrication involves controlled in situ synthesis of oligonucleotides (on-chip). This technology, implemented by Affymetrix in the manufacture of GeneChips, uses photolithographic... 

General procedures to manufacture, application and management of microarrays have been described in section 14.3. Special concerns to prepare carbohydrate micioar-rays will be dealt with in this subsection. Two methods are used to immobilize glycans on the surface for the fabrication of glycochips (Feizi et al., 2003) noncovalent and covalent immobilization technologies. 

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