Micro-thermal analysis

Price, D.M., Reading, M., Caswell, A., Hammiche, A., and PoUock, H.M., Micro-thermal analysis A new form of analytical microscopy, Microsc. Anal., 65, 17, 1998. 

Griesser, U. J., Auer, M. E. and Burger, A. (2000). Micro-thermal analysis, ETIR-and Raman-microscopy of (R,S)-proxyphyliine crystal forms. Microchem. J., 65, 283-92. [250, 252]... 

Griesser, U.J. Auer, M.E. Burger, A. Micro-thermal analysis, FTIR-and raman-microscopy of (r,i)-proxyphyUine crystal forms. Microchem. J. 2000, 65 (3), 283-292. 

Craig, D.Q.M. Royall, P.G. Reading, M. Price, D.M. Lever, T.J. Furry, J. Micro-thermal analysis for the characterization of pharmaceutical materials. In Proc. Conf. North Am. Thermal Anal. Soc.-, 26th Omnipress Madison, Wisconsin, 1998 610-615. 

Price DM, Reading M, Hammiche A, et al. Micro-thermal analysis scanning thermal microscopy and localised thermal analysis. Int J Pharm 1999 192(l) 85-96. 

Craig DQM, Kett VL, Andrews CS, et al. Pharmaceutical applications of micro-thermal analysis. J Pharm Sci 2002 91(5) 1201-1213. 

The introduction and development of Micro-Thermal Analysis are described and discussed by Duncan Price in Chapter 3. The atomic force microscope (AFM) forms the basis of both scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) and instruments for performing localised thermal analysis. The principles and operation of these techniques, which exploit the abilities of a thermal probe to act both as a very small heater and as a thermometer, in the surface characterisation of materials are described in detail. The... 

MICRO-THERMAL ANALYSIS AND RELATED TECHNIQUES Duncan M. Price... 

Before considering the development of what has become known as micro-thermal analysis , it is appropriate to review the history, technology and... 

Micro-thermal analysis has been used to examine a number of specimens of biological origin. Gorbunov et al. have reported the study of the infrared receptors of snakes using SThM and localised thermal analysis, whereby the... 

The measurements physical properties afforded by existing forms of micro-thermal analysis can be insufficient to discriminate between different materials. Incorporation of some means of chemical analysis of the specimen is therefore highly desirable. This has been achieved by two processes localised pyrolysis-evolved gas analysis, and near-field photothermal spectroscopy. 

The aim here is simply to present an overview of the various features on offer. The range of instruments extends from differential scanning calorimeters in a suitcase for on-site use to spatially resolved micro-thermal analysis equipment for samples as minute as 2 x 2 fim. Between these rather extreme examples there is a wide choice of commercial DTA and DSC equipment which allows samples to be studied at temperatures ranging from — 150°C to about 1600°C. For higher temperature measurements (above 1600°C) the equipment becomes increasingly more specialised. The detailed specification of equipment is often difficult (sometimes impossible ) to decipher - there appears to be no common practice between manufacturers. Information can best be obtained by raising questions directly with the manufacturers. Even so, hands-on experience is to be recommended when choosing equipment. 

Micro-thermal analysis is discussed further in Chapter 6. Here the technique is employed to illustrate the use of thermomechanical measure-... 

The recent technique of micro-thermal analysis ()U-TA), which now has a variety of measurement modes, is included here because usually two or more measurements are made simultaneously. Micro-TA combines the imaging capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a form of localised thermal analysis, and is able to measure thermal transitions on an area of a few microns. A good introduction to the whole family of these methods is available on the internet, from which application studies can... 

Thermal analysis, micro-thermal analysis and rheology products) Thermold... 

Moon I, Androsch R, Chen W, Wunderlich B (2000) The Principles of Micro-thermal Analysis and its Application to the Study of Macromolecules. J Thermal Anal and Calorimetry 59 187-203. 

Micro-thermal analysis (pTA ) micro-modulated differential thermal analysis (pMDTA ) and micro-thermomechanical analysis (pTMA M) are registered trade marks of TA Instruments Inc. For the time being little work has been reported using such instruments [12] and the calorimetric data are non-quantitative, so that results from pTA should be interpreted with caution. 

In response to criticism from members of the electronics industry that thermal analysis methods are often incompatible with the rapid pace of corporate research development, new sections have been introduced on thermally stimulated current spectroscopy, thermal conductivity, optothermal transient emission radiometry and micro-thermal analysis (/ TA). 

A recent addition to the family of STA techniques is micro-thermal analysis (fi-TA). This technique combines the imaging capabilities of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a form of localized TA and has the capability of imaging thermal behavior of... 

Pollock HM, Hammiche A (2001) Micro-thermal analysis techniques and applications. J Phys D Appl Phys 34 R23... 

Micro-thermal Analysis (p-TA) A family of techniques has recently been introduced that enables a range of thermal methods to be applied to regions of a material only a few micrometers wide. They are based on the use of an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a heatable tip. Many materials are heterogeneous, and the microstructure can influence the material properties on the macroscale. After acquiring the conventional AFM topographic image, selected features can be subjected to DTA and TMA with the probe tip. The tip can also be used to pyrolyze the selected area, and the vapors are then analyzed by GC-MS [23]. 

Figure 7.22. Vesta system for micro-thermal analysis. Courtesy of Anasys Instruments.

Micro size-exclusion chromatography Micro thermal analysis Micro thermomechanical analysis... 

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