Micro motion

The solvent/water emulsion is heated in its subsystem and flows through a Micro Motion mass flow meter. The emulsion is fed to the POD, where the water and organic phases are separated. Through this contact and separation the impurities are extracted into the aqueous phase. This results in a relatively clean solvent. 

Agitator Turbine, 3.6 HP, 1750 rpm, XP rated motor, variable speed drive Circulating pump Viking series HL124, 2 HP, 1745 rpm, XP rated motor Micro Motion mass flow meter stainless steel 316L, 0-80 lb/min mass flow range, accuracy of 0.4% of range, XP rated with electronics unit mounted separately in nonhazardous area. 

Adjust flow to obtain desired rate on Micro Motion flow meter. 

Micro Motion, Fisher Rosemount GmbH Co, D-64625 Bensheim, Germany 2000... 

Fig. 5 Schematic description of the contact conditions encountered under small amplitude cyclic lateral micro-motions (fretting). S is the applied lateral displacement, Q is the lateral force and P is the applied constant normal load. The elliptic and trapezoidal Q(S) loops correspond to partial slip and gross slip condition respectively...

Fig. 12 Theoretical analysis of initial crack growth directions. In a first step, the three-dimensional elastic contact stress field is calculated within the polymer body under small amplitude reciprocating micro-motions. A two-dimensional analysis of crack initiation is subsequently carried out using the calculated stress values in the meridian plane of the contact (Oxz). Average shear (rm) and tensile (crm) stresses are calculated for different locations in the contact and for different orientations, a, with respect to the normal to the contact plane...

Figure 3 shows the test section and instrumentation. Ten wall temperatures on the tube external surface were measured with 0.5 mm diameter calibrated type E thermocouples electrically insulated from the aluminium. Fluid inlet and outlet temperatures were measured with 1 mm diameter calibrated type K thermocouples. Cah-bration was carried out with a Rosemount 162-CE platinum thermometer. Due to the high thermal conduchvity of the aluminium and the low thickness of the tube walls the measured temperature is very close to the wall temperature in contact with the fluid (the difference less than 0.01 K). The inlet fluid pressure was measured with a calibrated Rosemount type 11 absolute pressure sensor. Two calibrated differential pressure sensors measured the pressure loss through the test section. A Rosemount Micro-motion coriolis flowmeter was used to... 

Standards International, Inc. has developed two specialized predetermined time systems MICRO Motion Analyses and MACRO Motion Analyses. MICRO Motion Analyses is used for precise methods specifications and time standards, while MACRO Motion Analyses is for general-purpose data. They were developed to provide improvements over MTM and Work-Factor with much input from several of Standards International s clientele. Specifically, MTM and Work-Factor systems were not found to be adequate for some special types of motions, which entailed describing these motions and assigning appropriate time values using the individual user s judgement. Also, some analysts found difficulty in using the tables. These systems have been proven to be valid in thousands of applications. 

The Micro-Motion 1700/2700 Coriolis flowmeter (Figure 9-12) received its lEC 61508 assessment in 2005. The basic technology is frequency based providing high inherent safety as most internal failures wiU result in lack of frequency and are therefore detectable by the transmitter. 

Figure 9-12. Micro-Motion 1700/2700 Flow Transmitter (used with permission of Micro-Motion)...

Micro-Motion Model 2700 Coriolis Multivariable Flow 61508 assessment exida/RWTUV... 

Once one has succeeded in trapping but a single ion, then the ion must be placed in the lower vibration levels (n = 1,2,3...) in the trap. First, micro-motion reduction is required. The amplitude of this micro-motion can be controlled thanks the so-called RF photon correlation . This procedure consists of modulating the output signal from the photomultiplier at the frequency of the RF drive potential. The amplitude of the micro-motion is then revealed by the amplitude of the fluorescence which depends on the first-order Doppler shift. It is, therefore, relatively easy to use precisely either laser detuning or to modify the potential voltages so as to reach the maximum reduction of the amplitude that corresponds to the lowest KE (Figure 11.10). 

FIGURE 11.10 Minimization of the micro-motion with the correlation method, (a) principle scheme (b) observed efficiency on the micro-motion motion (c) observed effect on the velocity reduction through the Doppler profile. 

At the German National Institute, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig, a miniature trap was designed to store Yb with a ring of 1.3 mm diameter. The oven and the filament act as compensation electrodes to control ion micro-motion in three dimensions [35]. 

Fig. 6.3. Motions and crystalline arrangements of trapped charged particles. The left figure is a photo of a cluster of 32 charged micro-particles stored in a Paul trap. The two other figures are results from a numerical simulation of a 1000-ion Coulomb crystal confined in a linear quadrupole trap. In the left and the center panel the micro-motion of the particles in the oscillatory electric field can be seen. The amplitude increases proportionally to the distance from the center. The time-averaged positions plotted in the right part for a selected sample shows that the ions remain well-localized. This is the basis for defining an effective translational temperature of the ion cluster by subtracting the periodic oscillation from the overall motion.

Coulomb crystal confined in a linear quadrupole trap published by Schiffer et al As in the picture on the left, the lines in the middle image indicate the micro-motion. Other than in the left picture, here the ions are stored in a linear quadrupole and the image shows the motion in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the rod system. As a consequence the direction of the rf held induced micro-motion is radial in front of the rods and tangential in between them. More details on the micro-motion can be foimd in Chapter 3 (see for example Fig. 3.1). The time-averaged positions plotted in the right part for a selected sample of ions shows that they remain weU-localized. As discussed already in Chapter 3 and in more detail below, this observation is the basis for dehning an effective translational temperature of the ion cluster. 

The motion of an ion in an inhomogeneous RF field can be described as a superposition of slow radial motion and a fast oscillatory micro-motion at the RF frequency. In the adiabatic approximation, when the latter is much faster than the former, the two motions can be decoupled, allowing an analytical treatment of the problem. The slow radial motion is then associated with a time-independent effective electrical potential, V, expressed as a function of the radial position r by... 

A detailed analysis reveals that the ion micro-motion at the applied RF frequency increases in amplitude near the turning points (close to the trap poles), while it vanishes as the ion approaches the field-free region close to the trap axis [43, 44]. 

High-order linear traps, such as a 22-pole trap, have a relatively flat radial effective potential over most of the trap volume, which minimizes the contribution of the micro-motion to ion trajectories. In contrast, ions in a quadrupole exhibit wiggling motion almost everywhere along radial ion trajectories, as illustrated in Fig. 4. While this motion makes little difference for trapping ions, it turns out to be crucial for cryogenic cooling, as discussed below. 

A mass flowmeter based on the Coriolis force principle has been developed by Micro Motion. Example 7-3 describes some of its details. 

Micro Motion (Boulder Colo.) Mass Flow Meter Sales Bulletin (1977). 

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