Mettler Toledo instruments

DSC analysis was performed on DSC 822 (Mettler-Toledo) instrument with STAR6 software package. Samples (3-10 mg) were placed in aluminum pans with perforated lids under flowing dry argon (50 ml min 1). The temperature range selected for these measurements was 240K - 41 OK, at a heating rates 5 and lOK/min. 

Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the co-crystals was carried out over the temperature range 25 °C to 200 °C by employing a Mettler Toledo instrument. These curves showed mass loss due to the removal of the aromatic guest molecules. The apo-hosts thus obtained did not dissolve in benzene and other aromatic solvents. The apo-hosts were immersed in the respective aromatic liquid for several hours. The crystals were then taken out, and the TGA repeated. This procedure was repeated more than once to find out whether the inclusion of the guest molecule was reversible and also whether there was any change in the temperature of decomposition or the proportion of the aromatic compound in the co-crystal, with such cycling. 

Thermal stability was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis using a TGAl Mettler Toledo instrument. Samples of approximately 15 mg were heated from 25 C to 900 °C in air atmosphere. The heating rate was 10 °G/min. 

ARC = Accelerating Rate Calorimeter (Columbia Scientific Instrument Corp.) DSC = Differential Scanning Calorimeter DTA = Differential Thermal Analysis RC1 = Reactor Calorimeter (Mettler-Toledo Inc.) RSST = Reactive System Screening Tool (Fauske and Associates) VSP = Vent Size Package (Fauske and Associates) ... 

Investigation of the global rates of reaction can be carried out in instrumented bench-scale equipment, such as the RC1 (Mettler-Toledo) plus on-line chemical analysis. Commercially available equipment allows well-controlled process conditions, and can be used in a variety of modes (e.g., isothermal, adiabatic, temperature programmed). The test volumes, which may be up to 2 liters depending on the energy involved, enable reasonable simulation of process conditions, and are more representative than very small samples, particularly for mixed phase systems. The scale of such equipment permits the collection of accurate data. 

The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized with the physisorption/chemisorption instrument Sorptometer 1900 (Carlo Erba instruments) in order to detect loss of surface area and pore volume. The specific surface area was calculated based on Dubinin-Radushkevich equation. Furthermore thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the fresh and used catalysts were performed with a Mettler Toledo TGA/SDTA 851e instrument in synthetic air. The mean particle size and the metal dispersion was measured with a Malvern 2600 particle size analyzer and Autochem 2910 apparatus (by a CO chemisorption technique), respectively. 

Figure 19.12—Karl Fischer instrument (coulometric version). Model DL-37 with an external device that includes an oven to extract water from solid samples. (Reproduced by permission of Mettler Toledo.)...

Mettler Toledo P.O. Box 71 Hightstown, NJ 08520-9944 1(800) METTLER http //www.mt.com/ Sartorius Instruments 1430 Waukegan Road McGaw Park, IL 60085 1-800-645-3108 http //www.servitel.es/need/... 

Turbidity All On-site, on-line, in-situ No Nephelometry, photometry (UV, IR, multi-wavelength) Electrodes (specific, glass, polymer, LIS and reference) Few seconds 1-10% 0-4000 NTU ISO 7027 DIN 38404 USEPA 180.1 ABB Instrumentation, Anael, Aquacontrol, Aqualyse, Aquams, AWA Instruments, Bamo mesures, Datalink, EFS Lac Instruments et systemes, Endress Hauser, Equipements scientifiques SA, Hydrolab, Martec, Mettler Toledo, OTT, Hach, Seres, Cole Parmer, WTW, YSI Hydrodata... 

HEYL, IRIS Instruments, Hydrolab, Kobold, Mettler Toledo, Hach, Hydrodata, Metrohm... 

Use a Web search engine such as Google to find sites dealing with potentiometric titrators. This search should turn up such companies as Spectralab, Analyticon, Fox Scientific, Brinkmann, Metrohm, Mettler-Toledo, and Thermo Electron. Set your browser to one or two of these and explore the types of titrators that are commercially available. At the sites of two different manufacturers, find application notes or bulletins for determining two analytes by potentiometric titration. For each, list the analyte, the instruments and the reagents that are necessary for the determination, and the expected accuracy and precision of the results. Describe the detailed chemistry behind each determination and the experimental procedure. 

Figure 20.14 Karl Fischer two-component coulometric cell. Model DL-37 reproduced courtesy of Mettler Toledo. The instrument generates iodine by a electrolysis current appUed in pulses. The duration of these pulses is reduced as the titration end point is approached. The diaphragm is used to avoid oxidation of the reduced ions appearing at the surface of the cathode. Some models exist without a diaphragm. They are easier to clean but they cannot solve all apphcations.

Development work in the pilot-plant production of the vinyl ether intermediate was performed on a Mettler Toledo ReactlR MP m. This instrument was the hrst generation of explosion-proof manufacturing technology available from Mettler Toledo. Setup requirements for the incorporation of the ReactlR monitoring system into the vinyl ether process in the pilot plant were minor. Installation of a fiber optics cable and protective conduit from the pilot-plant operations area to the control room, allowing communication between the acquisition computer (contained within the ReactlR MP ) and the monitoring station, was the most extensive mechanical modification. ... 

A different approach has been taken by TA Instruments, in using two horizontal balances. The balance arms, each with a thermocouple attached to a pan carrier, hold the sample and reference adjacent to each other in the furnace. Unusually, in this instrument there is no heat flow path between the sample and reference, other than through the surrounding atmosphere, which limits the quality of the DTA data. Mettler-Toledo now offer a technique in which a form of DTA is obtained by comparing the sample temperature with a calculated reference temperature profile. Modern TG-DTA instruments are capable in general of a TG resolution around 1 g, use samples typically from 5 to 100 mg, and can give sensitive and quantitative DTA performance when the head is of... 

In principle, any DSC can be modulated. As the details of construction of the DSC equipment vary, it may be advantageous to modulate in different fashions. One can modulate the block, reference, or sample temperatures, as well as the temperature difference (proportional to the heat-flow rate). For example, the temperature modulation of fee Mettler-Toledo ADSC is controlled by fee block-temperature thermocouple (see Fig. 4.57), while fee modulation of feeMDSC of TA Instruments in Fig. 4.85 is controlled by fee sample thermocouple. Of special interest, perhaps, would be a modulated dual cell as shown in Fig. 4.56. 

Mettler-Toledo TC50 Thermobalance Model for Many Modern Instruments... 

DTA as well as power compensation DSC instruments, and is called temperature modulated DSC, or TMDSC. The following trade marks are used by different TA instrument manufacturers for their temperature modulated differential scanning calorimeters Modulated DSC (MDSC ) of TA Instruments Inc., Oscillating DSC (ODSC ) of Seiko Instruments Inc., Alternating DSC (ADSC ) of Mettler-Toledo Inc. and Dynamic DSC (DDSC ) of Perkin-Elmer Corp. 

TGA and DSC studies of the fibres were carried out using a TGA Q-50 (TA Instruments) and a Mettler Toledo model DSC 822 thermal analyser with a heating scheme of 30-550°C and at a heating rate of 10°C min in nitrogen atmosphere purged at 25 ml min . DTA and TGA smdies were also carried in an oxygen atmosphere using a Perkin Elmer model diamond TGA/DTA thermal analyser. 

Websites with thermal analysis instruments and apphcations include TA Instruments, www.tainstru-ments.com Mettler Toledo, wwwjnt.com PerkinElmer, www.peikinetmer.com NETZSCH Instruments, www.netzsch-thermal-analysis.com Setaram Instrumentation, www.setaram.com Expert System Solutions, www.expertsystemsolutions.com Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, www.ssi.shimadzu.com Hitachi High Tech Science Corporation, www.hitachi-hitec-science.com and GE Healthcare Life Sciences, www.gelifesciences.com. 

A more accurate method of directly obtaining the reaction rate is through the use of reaction calorimetry. There are several commercial reaction calorimeters available for measuring the rate of emulsion polymerisation. One such instrument is the Mettler-Toledo RCl Reaction Calorimeter. Continuous (one... 

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