Metric system volume

FIGURE 2.2 Volume is the space occupied by a substance. In the metric system, volume is based on the liter, which is slightly larger than a quart. 

Metric system A measuring system where all units of a particular type (e.g., volume) are related to one another by powers of ten, 6-7,9 Metric ton, 7 Microstates, 453... 

The metric system uses decimals (or the decimal system). In the metric system, the gram is the unit of weight, the liter the unit of volume, and the meter the unit of lengtii. 

Scientists measure many different quantities—length, volume, mass (weight), electric current, temperature, pressure, force, magnetic field intensity, radioactivity, and many others. The metric system and its recent extension, Systeme International d Unites (SI), were devised to make measurements and calculations as simple as possible. In this chapter, length, area, volume, and mass will be introduced. Temperature will be introduced in Sec. 2.7 and used extensively in Chap. 11. The quantities to be discussed here are presented in Table 2-1. Their units, abbreviations of the quantities and units, and the legal standards for the quantities are also included. 

The older version of the metric system uses the liter as the basic unit of volume. It is defined as 1 dm3. Chemists often use this unit in preference to the m3 because it is about the magnitude of the quantities with which they deal. The student has to know both units, and the relationship between them. 

Cubic Meter (m3) A measure of volume in the metric system. 

In the metric system, the three primary or fundamental units are the meter for length, the liter for volume, and the gram for weight. In addition to these... 

The measurement system that you will most likely encounter is the SI (Metric) system. Each quantity (such as mass and volume) has a base unit and a prefix that modifies the base unit. The prefixes are the same for all quantities and are based on a decimal system. Below are some basic SI units we will introduce others in later chapters ... 

Some measures of weight and volume Metric system... 

The metric system, or Systeme International d Unites (SI system as it is commonly known), is the predominant system of measurement in the world. In fact, the United States is one of only about three countries that do not commonly use the metric system. The metric system attempts to eliminate odd and often difircult-to-remember conversions for measurements (5,280 feet in a mile, for example). It is a decimal-based system with standard terminology for measurements of length, volume, and mass (weight). It also uses standard prefixes to measure multiples of the standard units. 

When solving gas law problems using the combined gas law, the pressure and volume units do not have to be as indicated by the authors of the laws and by the ideal gas law they don t even have to be in the metric system. However, temperature must be in the Kelvin scale. Explain. 

Another item facing plywood and its chemical usage is the conversion to the metric system of measurements, weights and volumes. 

The measures of length, volume, mass, energy, and temperature are used to evaluate our physical and chemical environment. Table 2.2 compares the metric system with the more recently accepted SI system (International System of Units). The laboratory equipment associated with obtaining these measures is also listed. 

Volume in the metric system is expressed in liters (L) and milliliters (mL). Another way of expressing milliliters is in cubic centimeters (cm3 or cc). Several conversion factors for volume measurements are listed below. 

The original idea of the metric system was that either approach would provide the same unit of metric volume. Unfortunately, it did not work because of the subtle differences in density caused by subtle differences in temperature. Thus, the kilogram-based milliliter equaled 1.000,027 cubic centimeters. Because of the discrepancy, the International System for Weights and Measures had to make a choice between which approach would be accepted to obtain volume measurements, and the nod was eventually given to the cubic length technique. The use of liters and milliliters in volumetric ware is therefore misleading because the unit of volume measurement should be cubic meters (cubic centimeters are used as a convenience for smaller containers). The International System of Units (SI) and the ASTM accept the use of liters and milliliters in their reports, provided that the precision of the material does not warrant cubic centimeters. Because the actual difference in one cubic centimeter is less than 3 parts in 100,000, for most work it is safe to assume that 1 cm3 is equal to 1 mL. 

Another common unit of measurement for natural gas is by use of its heating value, expressed in British thermal units (BTU) per standard cubic foot in the English system, and in Joules (or calories) per unit volume in the metric system. Commercially used natural gas, after processing, yields the equivalent of about 950-1050 BTU/ft3. Also used as a unit of measurement is the therm, equivalent to 100,000 BTU, or the nominal heat content of 100 standard cubic feet of lean, processed natural gas. 

In addition to solubility, the concentration of a dissolved substance in a given solvent can be expressed in parts per notation, when low concentrations of a particular substance are still considered significant. In these cases the metric system is the most convenient way to express values as metric units increase stepwise as ten, hundred, thousand and so on. Typically this is given on the basis of mass but it can also be expressed by volume, mass/volume (m/v) ratio, or number of moles. For example A milligram (1 mg or 0.001 g) is one part per thousand of a gram (1000 mg or 1 g) or one part per million (ppm) of a kilogram (1000 000 mg or 1000 g). 

The cubic meter (m ) is the primary unit of volume in SI. A smaller unit, the liter, is the primary unit of volume in the metric system. The abbreviation for hter is L. We need to know both the cubic meter and the liter. Table 2.3 summarizes the primary metric units of distance, mass, and volume. 

The metric system unit of volume is the liter (L), originally defined as the volume occupied by a cube exactly 10 cm on each side (see Figure 2.6). In SI, the cubic meter is the standard. Because the cubic meter is a rather large... 

The metric system and its newer counterpart, SI, use subunits and multiples of units that are equal to powers of 10, and they also use the same prefixes to mean certain fractions or multiples, no matter what primary unit is being modified. The meter is the primary unit of length the gram is the primary unit of mass and the liter (the cubic meter in SI) is the primary unit of volume. The prefixes centi-(0.01), (0.001), and kilo (1000) are used with any of... 

The liter is a unit of volume in the (older version of the) metric system, but the cubic meter is the standard. 

In the metric system lengths are calculated in meters, masses are calculated in grams, and volumes are calculated in liters. The prefix of each unit is very important. You should be familiar with the following prefixes ... 

The relationships between the customary units are not as systematic as the relationships between units in the metric system. Here, lengths are measured in inches, feet, yards, and miles. Weights are measured in pounds and ounces. And volumes are measured in cubic inches, cubic feet, and so forth. Below is a chart of common conversions for customary units. 

Liter, n. Unit of volume in the Metric System. A cubic decimeter, equivalent to looo cc., a kilogram, 2,2 lb., or 1.06 quarts of water. 

The density of a material is the ratio of mass to volume. In the metric system it is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm or g cm—for liquids and solids and in grams per liter (g/i) for gases. The solubility of a substance in a particular solvent is the amount of substance (the solute) that will dissolve in a given amount (usually 100 g) of the solvent. 

Sometimes the specific gravity is used instead of density. The specific gravity is the ratio of the weight of a specimen of a substance to the weight of the same volume of water. The speciific gravity has nearly the same numerical value as the density in the metric system. 

The physical properties of water are used to define many physical constants and units. The freezing point of water (saturated with aii at 1 atm pressure) is taken as 0° C, and the boiling point of water at 1 atm is taken as 100° C. The unit of volume in the metric system is chosen so that 1 ml of water at 3.98° C (the temperature of its maximum density) weighs 1.00000 gram. A similar relation holds in the... 

Minutes are permitted to remain in the metric system for convenience or for historical reasons, even though they don t conform strictly to the rules. The minute, hour, and day, for example, are so customary that they re still defined in the metric system as 60 seconds, 60 minutes, and 24 hours— not as multiples of ten. For volume, the most common metric unit is not the cubic meter, which is generally too big to be useful in commerce, but the liter, which is one thousandth of a cubic meter. For even smaller volumes, the milliliter, one thousandth of a liter, is commonly used. And for large masses, the metric ton is often used instead of the kilogram. A metric ton (often spelled tonne in other countries) is 1,000 kilograms. Because a kilogram is about 2.2 pounds, a metric ton is about 2,200 pounds 10% heavier than an American ton of 2,000 pounds. Another often-used, non-standard metric unit is the hectare for land area. A hectare is 10,000 square meters and is equivalent to 0.4047 acre. 

The metric system uses grams to measure weight and liters to measure volume, as shown in Table 7.1. Prefixes are used to indicate the value (Table 7.2). The apothecaries system uses ounces and pounds for weight and teaspoon, and tablespoon to measure volume. Table 7.3 contains conversion factors for the apothecaries system and metric system. 

Total system Total extra-column volume Connections Gradient dwell time Keep small Should be smooth, use the same measure (metric or inch) Keep short by keeping the system volume before the mixing chamber small... 

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