Methylated poly 1,2-propylene

Homopolymers of PO and other epoxides are named a number of ways after the monomer, eg, poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) or polymethjioxirane from a stmctural point of view, polyoxypropylene or poly(propylene glycol) or from the Chemicaly hstracts (CA) name, poly[oxy(methyl-l,2-ethanediyl)], a-hydro- CO-hydroxy-. Common names are used extensively in the Hterature and in this article. 

In one example, the Tics of the non-crystalline methyl, methine and methylene carbons of iPP, 70% crystalline, were compared at room temperature with those of model atactic poly(propylene), hydrogenated poly(2-methyl-l,3-pentadiene) [163]. It was found that, within the experimental error, the Tic values of each of the carbons were the same in both polymers. The conclusion can then be reached that the fast segmental motion, at or near the Larmor frequency of... 

Photolysis of the unsubstituted poly(ethylene sebacamide) (A), methylated poly(l,2-propylene sebacamide) (B), and poly(l,l-dimethylethylene sebacamide) (C) resulted in mostly chain fragmentation as indicated by the decreases in intrinsic viscosities of the polymer samples, Table 1. The same decrease in intrinsic viscosity was also observed for polyurea D. Polymer A and D remained bio-inert under the testing condition whereas the abilities for polymers B and C to support the growth of Apergillus niger were improved by photolysis. 

The influence of the solvent on chiroptical properties of synthetic polymers is dramatically illustrated in the case of poly (propylene oxide). Price and Osgan had already shown, in their first article, that this polymer presents optical activity of opposite sign when dissolved in CHCI3 or in benzene (78). The hypothesis of a conformational transition similar to the helix-coil transition of polypeptides was rejected because the optical activity varies linearly with the content of the two components in the mixture of solvents. Chiellini observed that the ORD curves in several solvents show a maximum around 235 nm, which should not be attributed to a Cotton effect and which was interpreted by a two-term Drude equation. He emphasized the influence of solvation on the position of the conformational equilibrium (383). In turn, Furakawa, as the result of an investigation in 35 different solvents, focused on the polarizability change of methyl and methylene groups in the polymer due to the formation of a contact complex with aromatic solvents (384). 

Similarly, a poly( propylene imine) (PPl) dendrimer fitted with triethyleneoxy methyl ether and octyl groups at every terminal position was soluble in both organic and aqueous solvents, indicating sufficient structural flexibUity to present either the hydrophilic or hydrophobic termini toward the solvent (Fig. 11.8 Pan and Ford 1999, 2000). 

Figure 11.8 Structures of (a) parent poly(propylene imine) dendrimer and (b) fully quaternized form, which presents both hydrophilic triethyleneoxy methyl ether (TEO) and hydrophobic octyl chains at every terminal position.

This asymmetric end has the alkoxy group of alkyl vinylethers by cationic polymerization, phenyl group of styrene when either anionically or cationicaiiy polymerized, the vinyl group of butadiene under anionic catalysts to poly-1,2-butadiene, the ester and methyl of methylmethacrylate under anionic catalysis and the methyl of propylene by cationic catalysis. 

DBU DMC DMF EC EO EOS GSS ILs MBMTBP MEA MW PC PDMS PEG PEGda PEO PMPS PO PPG PPGda PTC PTHF PTMO PVP Diazabicyclo[5.4.0] -undec-7-ene Dimethylcarbonate Dimethylform amide Ethylene carbonate Ethylene oxide, oxyethylene Equation of state Gas-saturated solution Ionic liquids 2,2,-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) Monoethanolamine Molecular weight Propylene carbonate Polydimethylsiloxane Polyethylene glycol Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Polyethylene oxide Poly(methylphenylsiloxane) Propylene oxide Poly(propylene glycol) Poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate Phase-transfer catalyst Poly(tetrahydrofuran) Polytetramethylene oxide Polyvinyl pyrrolidone... 

Teflon TFE Teflon FEP Kel-F 81 Methyl Methacrylate Polyamide (Nylon-Zytel) Poly- styrene Poly- propylene Linear Polyethylene Conventional Polyethylene... 

Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Polyacrylonitrile Polymethacrylonitrile Polybutadiene Polyisoprene Polychloroprene Poly(methylene oxide) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly(tetramethylene oxide) Poly(propylene oxide) Poly(hexamethylene succinate) Poly(hexamethylene sebacate) Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Nylon 6 Polycarbonate... 

Carbanions can react with Cl in PVC macromolecules [295] and with the ester group of PMMA [284]. The rates of the two reactions are probably not very different by the addition of a-methylstyrene tetramer dianion to a PVC + PMMA solution, the copolymer poly(vinyl chloride)-gro/ir-poly-(methyl methacrylate) was obtained [296]. Macrocations formed by the reaction of strong acids with polyalkenes (see Chap. 3, Sect. 3.2) react with polyethers (polysiloxanes) yielding graft and block copolymers, e. g. poly(propylene)-0ra/ir-poly (oxyethylene) [297], poly(propylene)- /ocA -... 

Figure 12. XPS valence band and core level spectra of poly (propylene oxide) and polyfvinyl methyl ether) (4)...

Many ATPS systems contain a polymer which is sugar based and a second one which is of hydrocarbon ether type. Sugar-based polymers include dextran (Dx), hydroxy propyl dextran (HPDx), FicoU (Fi) (a polysaccharide), methyl cellulose (MC), or ethylhydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC). Hydrocarbon ether-type polymers include poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), poly (propylene glycol) (PPG), or the copolymer of PEG and PPG. De-rivatized polymers can also be useful, such as PEG-fatty acids or di-ethylaminoethyl-dextran (Dx-DEAE). 

One other example of a pyrogram of a copolymer is that for poly(propylene-gra/f-maIeic anhydride) or poIypropylene-gra/f-poly[3-(1-methyl-1-propenyl)-3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, CAS 107001-49-0. The polypropylene polymer was isotactic and had a low content of maleic anhydride (MA) and a M = 9,100. The pyrolysis was performed in conditions similar to other examples, at 600° C in He with separation of a Carbowax column. The results are shown in Figure 6.1.24. 

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