Methyl biomass burning emission

Blake NJ, Blake DR, Sive BC, Chen T-Y, Rowland FS, Collins Jr. JE, Sachse GW, Anderson BE (1996) Biomass Burning Emissions and Vertical Distribution of Atmospheric Methyl Halides and Other Reduced Carbon Gases in the South Atlantic Region. J Geophys Res 101 24151... 

BlakeN. E., Blake D. R., Sive B. C., ChenT.-Y., RowlandE. S., Collins J. E., Jr., Sachse G. W., and Anderson B. E. (1996) Biomass burning emissions and vertical distribution of atmospheric methyl halides and other reduced carbon gases in the South Atlantic region. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 24151-24164. 

Mano, S and M. O. Andreae, Emission of Methyl Bromide from Biomass Burning, Science, 263, 1255-1257 (1994). 

Rudolph J, Koppmann AKR, Bonsang B (1995) Field Study of the Emissions of Methyl Chloride and Other Halocarbons from Biomass Burning in Western Africa. J Atmos Chem 22 67... 

Rudolph J, von Czapiewski K, Koppmann R (2000) Emissions of Methyl Chloroform (CH3CCI3) from Biomass Burning and the Tropospheric Methyl Chloroform Budget. Geophys Res Lett 27 1887... 

Mano, S., and M.O. Andreae, Emission of methyl bromide from biomass burning. 

Methyl chloride, CH3CI 600 ppt Uniform Emissions from ocean, 3 Biomass burning, 0.7 Reaction with OH 1.3 yr... 

As part of the Megacity Initiative Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) project, a comprehensive airborne study by Yokelson et al. reported the first detailed field measurements of biomass emissions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics [169]. Volatile emissions were measured from 20 deforestation and crop residue fires on the Yucatan peninsula. This included two trace gases which are often considered to be useful as indicators of biomass burning. One we have discussed before, namely acetonitrile, and the other is hydrogen cyanide. A variety of instrumentation was co-deployed for this investigation (FTIR spectroscopy, GD-FID, a GC-Trace Analytical Reduction Gas Detector, fluorescence and chemiluminescence instruments and various other spectrometers). PTR-MS was used to monitor methanol, acetonitrile, acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl propanal, hydroxyacetone plus methyl acetate, benzene and 13 other volatile species. 

The presence of ethers in the atmosphere is almost entirely the result of direct emissions from anthropogenic sources (e.g., Arif et al., 1997 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2001 Johnson and Andino, 2001 http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethers and references therein). These sources can be quite varied and species dependent for example, many ethers are commonly used as industrial solvents many are formed as combustion intermediates and in the burning of biomass various branched ethers (e.g., methyl tert-butyl ether) are (or have been) used as fuel additives to increase octane number and reduce CO emissions dimethyl ether has being proposed as an alternative diesel fuel many fluorinated species have been manufactured, evaluated and used as possible chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC) replacement compounds some halogenated species are used as inhalation anaesthetics or as chlorofluorocarbon replacements and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are used as flame retardants. There are no major routes to ether formation in the atmosphere itself. 

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