Methanol s. Methyl alcohol

Methanol or methyl alcohol can become an alcoholic s main source of alcohol because it is cheaper. Methanol is frequently used as an additive for industrial ethanol to circumvent taxes. Methanol may be purposely adulterated to make it less palatable, but it is used nevertheless Methanol ingestion can be fatal due to its CNS depressant effects. In addition it is toxic because it is a substrate for alcohol dehydrogenase forming formic acid and formaldehyde which... 

Methyl alcohol (methanol) is the first member of the aliphatic alcohol family. It ranks among the top twenty organic chemicals consumed in the U.S. The current world demand for methanol is approximately 25.5 million tons/year (1998) and is expected to reach 30 million tons by the year 2002. The 1994 U.S. production was 10.8 billion pounds. 

The (liquid 4- liquid) equilibria diagram for (cyclohexane + methanol) was taken from D. C. Jones and S. Amstell, The Critical Solution Temperature of the System Methyl Alcohol-Cyclohexane as a Means of Detecting and Estimating Water in Methyl Alcohol , J. Chem. Soc., 1930, 1316-1323 (1930). The G results were calculated from the (vapor 4- liquid) results of K. Strubl, V. Svoboda, R. Holub, and J. Pick, Liquid-Vapour Equilibrium. XIV. Isothermal Equilibrium and Calculation of Excess Functions in the Systems Methanol -Cyclohexane and Cyclohexane-Propanol , Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 35, 3004-3019 (1970). The results are from M. Dai and J.-P.Chao, Studies on Thermodynamic Properties of Binary Systems Containing Alcohols. II. Excess Enthalpies of C to C5 Normal Alcohols + 1,4-Dioxane , Fluid Phase Equilib., 23, 321-326 (1985). 

Dimethylaniline has been prepared by reduction of the corresponding nitro compound, either chemically or catalyti-cally. It has been prepared from 3,4-dimethylphenol by heating with ammonia, ammonium bromide, and zinc bromide from w-toluidine hydrochloride by alkylation with methanol at high temperatures from anhydro-4-amino-2-methylbenzyl alcohol by dry distillation from calcium hydroxide from 2-methyl-S-aminobenzyl alcohol by reduction with sodium from 2-methyl-5-nitrobenzyl chloride and 2-methyl-S-nitrobenzyl acetate by catalytic reduction from o-xylene by direct amination with hy-droxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of aluminum chloride and from 3,4-dimethylacetophenone by the Beckmann rearrangement of the oxime.i" The present method has been published. ... 

Methanol or wood alcohol is another potential source or carrier of hydrogen. Methanol, CH3OH, is a clear liquid, the simplest of the alcohols, with one carbon atom per molecule. Methanol is extensively used today, the U.S. demand in 2002 was over a billion gallons. The largest U.S. methanol markets were for producing the gasoline additive MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) as well as formaldehyde and acetic acid. MTBE is being phased out since it has been found to contaminate water supplies. 

To illustrate how Lewis structures can be drawn using the information on Table 3.1, let s figure out the Lewis structure of methanol, CH3OH, which is often called methyl alcohol or wood alcohol. Methanol is a poisonous liquid that is used as a solvent. 

TRICHLORO-s-TRIAZINE or sym-TRICHLOROTRIAZINE (108-77-0) CjCljNj Reacts with moist air, forming fiimes of HCl. Violent exothermic reaction with water above 86°F/30°C or steam, forming HCl and cyanic acid. Violent reaction with ethanol, bicarbonates (releases CO2), dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), methanol (releases methyl chloride gas). Isolate firom alcohols and caustic materials and alcohol in combination with other materials. 

Methanol. Methyl alcohol carbinol wood spirit wood alcohol, CH4Oi mot wt 32,04, C 37.48%, H 12.58%, 0 49.93%, CHjOH. Originally obtained by the destructive distillation of wood, now usually manuf from hydrogen and carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide, also by oxidation of hydrocarbons.. Review Faith, Keyes Clark s Industrial Chemicals, F. A. Lowenheim, M. K. Moran, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience. New York, 4th ed., 1975) pp 524-529 L. E. Wade et at, in Kirk-Othmer. Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. IS (Wjley-Interscience, New York, 3rd ed., 1981) pp 398-415. 

Systemically administered ethanol is confined to the treatment of poisoning by methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol. Treatment consists of sodium bicarbonate to combat acidosis, hemodialysis, and the administration of ethanol, which slows the formation of methanol s metabolites, formaldehyde and formic acid, by competing with methanol for metabolism by ADH (Figure 22-1). Formic acid causes nerve damage its effects on the retina and optic nerve can cause blindness. 

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