Meteorological considerations

Brennan et using petunia, found a better correlation with atmospheric aldehydes than with total oxidants. This appears spurious, because researchers do not regard aldehydes themselves as important atmospheric phytotoxicants. Macdowall et were able to correlate tobacco injury with oxidant concentrations by considering ozone flux into plant leaves. They then predicted fleck attacks with fair consistency on the basis of meteorologic considerations. Several investigators have used acknowledged plant sensitivity and emphasized the importance of... 

First order parameters affecting dispersion stem from meteorological conditions. These, as much as any other consideration, determine how a stack is to be designed for air pollution control purposes. Since the operant transport mechanisms are determined by the micro-meteorological conditions, any attempt to predict ground-level pollutant concentrations is dependent on a reasonable estimate of the convective and dispersive potential of the local air. The following are meteorological conditions which need to be determined ... 

Because of extreme venting conditions assumed, effective stack heights and resultant plumes from both 3- and 5-minute discharge conditions attain heights beyond the micro-meteorological conditions assumed in accepted computation models. It is therefore highly probable there will be considerably further atmospheric dispersion and diffusion of the VCM than predicted in the results shown. That is, the ground level concentration can be expected to be considerably lower than the values shown in Table 6. 

Answer The only reason I can think of for making the EPZ independent of plant size, safety features, demography and meteorology is the convenience of emergency planners. Such would take no consideration for the hazard a plant poses it would favor hazardous activity and penalize safe activity. 

COMMUNITY APPLICATIONS OF SMALL SCALE SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY SYSTEMS. (1981) (Sponsor U.S. Department of Energy) ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN SITING A SOLAR-COAL HYBRID POWER PLANT. Substudies Include ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT. AIR QUALITY AND METEOROLOGICAL IMPACTS. (1981) (Sponsor U.S. Department of Energy)... 

The understanding of isotope effects on chemical equilibria, condensed phase equilibria, isotope separation, rates of reaction, and geochemical and meteorological phenomena, share a common foundation, which is the statistical thermodynamic treatment of isotopic differences on the properties of equilibrating species. For that reason the theory of isotope effects on equilibrium constants will be explored in considerable detail in this chapter. The results will carry over to later chapters which treat kinetic isotope effects, condensed phase phenomena, isotope separation, geochemical and biological fractionation, etc. 

For typical meteorological conditions the maximum diffusivity can be expected to be in the range 0.5-5 m sec". The magnitude is considerably smaller than the equivalent values encountered under strongly unstable conditions. A limitation of the above formulation is the need for knowledge of the geostrophic wind velocity Vg. If the assumption Vg == 8m., discussed in the previous section, is employed, then Eq. (9.25) can be written in the form... 

Studies to date have demonstrated an extremely weak correlation (if any) between photochemical-oxidant pollution and hospital admissions. If such correlations do exist, observations must be carried out over considerably longer periods with adequate provisions for controlling confounding variables, such as meteorologic factors. 

In 1978, the emission of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) from an aluminum plant In the vicinity of Sundsvall, Sweden, was estimated to be about four times the total amount emitted from all the motor vehicles In that country. As might be expected, the result of this estimate caused considerable concern, and a survey of the air quality In the Sundsvall area was made In 1980-81. The program monitored concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and fluoride In ambient air, with samples being collected once each week. Concentrations of fluoride and meteorological data were measured by the aluminum company laboratory, while PAH concentrations were determined by the Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU). 

The sampling sites were chosen in order to investigate the spatial distribution of particulate pollutants in the valley. As an additional consideration, sites were selected to coincide with the major population centers in the valley in order to determine the concentration of respirable aerosols to which valley residents are exposed on a dally basis. Seven of the sampling sites were in the Owens Valley itself, and one site was in the Mono Lake area. Site 1 was located near the Bishop Airport at the National Weather Service Meteorological station. This site is about five miles east of downtown Bishop in the center of the... 

It is well established that in non-arid regions, precipitation is the primary means by which contaminating aerosols are removed from the atmosphere. Many chemical, physical, and meteorological parameters affect the micro, meso, and synoptic scale processes through which precipitation transports radioactive aerosols from atmosphere to ground. These parameters include the radioactivity component of the natural aerosols, the processes by which water vapor condenses and grows to raindrops, and the incorporation of the radioactive aerosol into the precipitation. Thus, the prediction of specific deposition from fundamental considerations has proved to be difficult because of the many uncertainties yet prevalent in these processes. Many attempts have been made to evaluate the deposition of these aerosols by empirical studies. 

The diversity of forms of precipitation over the globe complicates consideration of their role in the global C02 cycle. This problem can be solved in two ways. The first is formal numerical description of the totality of the processes of precipitation formation. The second is connected with the use of the present means of global observation of precipitation. In both cases the forms of rain should be clearly classified as functions of meteorological situations. The rain rate can range widely from lmmhr1 to 8mmhr and, in exceptional cases, even more. What is more, there is a certain correlation between precipitation rate and size of rain droplet. With low-intensity rain re [0.1 0.5]. A shower can be characterized by the formation of droplets up to r 6 mm. 

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