Metals capillary zone electrophoresis

Mosher, R. A., The use of metal ion-supplemented buffers to enhance the resolution of peptides in capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, 11, 765, 1990. 

Foret, F., Fanali, S., Nardi, A., and Bocek, P., Capillary zone electrophoresis of rare earth metals with indirect UV absorbance detection, Electrophoresis, 11, 780, 1990. 

Bachmartn, K., Boden, J., and Haumann, I., Indirect fluorimetric detection of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in capillary zone electrophoresis with cerium (III) as carrier electrolyte, /. Chromatogr., 626, 259, 1992. 

Green, J. S. and Jorgenson, J. W., Minimizing adsorption of proteins on fused silica in capillary zone electrophoresis by the addition of alkali metal salts to the buffers, /. Chromatogr., 478, 63, 1989. 

Cloud point extraction has been applied to the separation and preconcentration of analytes including metal ions, pesticides, fungicides, and proteins from different matrices prior to the determination of the analyte by techniques such as atomic absorption, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, etc. 

Interactions of ofloxacin and levofloxacin with Al3+, Fe3+, and Mg2+ ions were investigated by capillary zone electrophoresis (07CHR489). A fluorescence enhancement phenomenon in the europium-ofloxacin-sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate fluorescence system was observed when Gd3+ was added (07JFL105). A quantitative relation was found between the relative fluorescences of Zr, Mo, and V chelates of ofloxacin and the ionization of the carboxylic group and the calculated stability constants of the formed chelates (06MI34). Factors that significantly influence the stability of ofloxacin- and levofloxacin-metal (Al3+, Fe3+, Cu2+,... 

The combination of capillary zone electrophoresis or CIEF with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) MS promises a powerful tool for metal speciation. The on-line hyphenation of these techniques resulted in short separation times (10 min) and a subsequent detection step lasting 100 s. Standard mixtures and body fluids such as human milk and serum have been studied [65],... 

Simunicova, E., Kaniansky, D., and Loksikova, K. 1994. Separation of alkali and alkaline earth metal and ammonium cations by capillary zone electrophoresis with indirect UV absorbance detection. Journal of Chromatography A, 665 203-9. 

Sommer, L., Vlasankova, R. Survey of the potential of high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of platinum and platinum-group metals. Chromatographia 52, 692-702 (2000)... 

Chromatographic and related electrophoretic methods for the separation of transition metal complexes or their ligands were reviewed . Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) presents a new development in the field of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). The use of micellar solutions expands the application of CZE to electronically neutral solutes, as well as charged ones. Thus, electrically neutral / -diketonates Cr(dik)3, Co(dik)3, Rd(dik)3, Pt(dik)2 and Pd(dik)2 were separated by CZE in micellar solutions of sds. A linear log-log relationship was found between the distribution coefficient and the partition coefficient of the complex between dodecane and water, which was used for prediction of both the distribution coefficients and the migration times of different metal complexes . 

El Rassi, Z. Recent developments in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of carbohydrate species. Electrophoresis 1999, 20 (15-16), 3134-3144. Honda, S. Yamamoto, K. Suzuki, S. Ueda, M. Kakehi, K. High-performance capillary zone electrophoresis of carbohydrates in the presence of alkaline earth metal ions. J. Chromatogr. 1991, 588 (1-2), 327-333. 

The reversal of the direction of the electro-osmotic flow by the adsorption onto the capillary wall of alky-lammonium surfactants and polymeric ion-pair agents incorporated into the electrolyte solution is widely employed in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of organic acids, amino acids, and metal ions. The dependence of the electro-osmotic mobility on the concentration of these additives has been interpreted on the basis of the model proposed by Fuerstenau [6] to explain the adsorption of alkylammonium salts on quartz. According to this model, the adsorption in the Stern layer as individual ions of surfactant molecules in dilute solution results from the electrostatic attraction between the head groups of the surfactant and the ionized silanol groups at the surface of the capillary wall. As the concentration of the surfactant in the solution is increased, the concentration of the adsorbed alkylammonium ions increases too and reaches a critical concentration at which the van der Waals attraction forces between the hydrocarbon chains of adsorbed and free-surfactant molecules in solution cause their association into hemimicelles (i.e., pairs of surfactant molecules with one cationic group directed toward the capillary wall and the other directed out into the solution). 

Timerbaev, A.R., Semenova, O.P. and Petrukhin, O. M. (2002) Migration behavior of metal complexes in capillary zone electrophoresis. Interpretation in terms of quantitative structure-mobility relationships. J. Chromat., 943, 263-274. 

Suarez-Luque, S., Mato, L, Huidobro, J.F. and Simal-Lozano, J. (2006) Rapid capillary zone electrophoresis method for the determination of metal cations in beverages. Talanta, 68 (4), 1143-1147. 

MT have been subdivided into three classes, namely I, II, and III (Fowler et al. 1987), while Binz and Kagi (1999) allocated these compounds to several families. Subsequently, Richards and Beattie (1995), Richards et al. (1996, 1997) and Szpunar (2000) showed capillary zone electrophoresis to be a rapid and reliable method for analysis of this protein. By using a diverse combination of techniques, the metal complexes of metallothionein in rat liver and kidney were first characterized, with two major MT-isoforms (MT-1 and MT-2) being detected in liver, and one MT isoform in kidney (Polec et al. 2002). The order of afHn-ity of metal ions to MTs is Cd > Zn, Cu, Ag, Hg > Bi > Pb, though this may change depending on the tissue involved. MTs are considered to be low molecular-weight pro-... 

If weak complexes are rapidly formed, on-capillary partial complexation can be used. A ligand is added to the running electrolyte and a rapid equilibrium between the free metal ions and their complexes is established, with most of the ions present in the free form. Owing to different complexation degrees with various charges on the complexes, the ions have different migration rates. The capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) mode and an indirect UV photometric detection method are usually employed in this case, as only a small fraction of the cations is complexed. 

CZE Capillary Zone Electrophoresis Chromatography Immobilized Ion Metal... 

Polec, K., Szpunar, J., Palacios, O., Gonzdlez-Duarte, P., Atrian, S., and Lobinski, R. (2001) Investigation of metal binding by recombinant and native metaUothioneins by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) via a self-aspirating total consumption micronebulizer. J. Anal At. Spectrom., 16, 567-74. 

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