Capillary zone electrophoresis performance

Electrodriven Separation Techniques encompass a wide range of analytical procedures based on several distinct physical and chemical principles, usually acting together to perform the requh ed separation. Example of electrophoretic-based techniques includes capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), capillary isotachophoresis (CITP), and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) (45-47). Some other electrodriven separation techniques are based not only on electrophoretic principles but rather on chromatographic principles as well. Examples of the latter are micellar... 

Figure 9.5 The generic setup for two-dimensional liquid chromatography-capillary zone electrophoresis as used by Jorgenson s group. The LC separation was performed in hours, while the CZE runs were on a time scale of seconds.

Figure 9.6 Surfer-generated chromatoeletropherogram of fluorescamine-labeled tryptic digest of ovalbumin. Reprinted from Analytical Chemistry, 62, M. M. Bushey and J. W. Jorgenson, Automated instrumentation for comprehensive two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography/capillary zone electrophoresis, pp 978-984, copyright 1990, with permission from the American Chemical Society.

PACKED CAPILLARY REVERSE PHASE HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY-CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS... 

Capillary electrophoresis is increasingly used in food analysis due to its separation performance combined with the short time of analysis. - CapiUary electrophoresis recently applied to colorant measurements includes technical variants such as capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography. ... 

Gysler, J., Mazereeuw, M., Helk, B., Heitzmann, M., Jaehde, U., Schunack, W., Tjaden, U.R., and van der Greef, J., Utility of isotachophoresis-capillary zone electrophoresis, mass spectrometry and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography for monitoring of interleukin-6 dimer formation, /. Chromatogr. A, 841, 63, 1999. 

Yim, K. W., Fractionation of the human recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) glycoforms by high-performance capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary isoelectric focusing, /. Chromatogr , 559, 401, 1991. 

Kelly, J.F., Ramaley, L., Thibault, P. (1997). Capillary zone electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry at submicroliter flow rates practical considerations and analytical performance. Anal. Chem. 69, 51-60. 

Fan et al. [106] developed a high performance capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of primaquine and its trifluoroacetyl derivative. The method is based on the mode of capillary-zone electrophoresis in the Bio-Rad HPE-100 capillary electrophoresis system effects of some factors in the electrophoretic conditions on the separation of primaquine and trifluoroacetyl primaquine were studied. Methyl ephedrine was used as the internal standard and the detection was carried out at 210 nm. A linear relationship was obtained between the ratio of peak area of sample and internal standard and corresponding concentration of sample. The relative standard deviations of migration time and the ratio of peak area of within-day and between-day for replicate injections were <0.6% and 5.0%, respectively. 

Figure 2.1 Mass spectrometric approach. Dl, direct inlet GC, gas chromatography HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography CZE, capillary zone electrophoresis El, electron ionization Cl, chemical ionization ESI, electrospray ionization DESI, desorption electrospray ionization APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization MALDI, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization B, magnetic analyzer E, electrostatic analyzer...

C Miller, J Rivier. Peptide chemistry development of high performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 40, 265, 1996. 

Reilly, J., and Saeed, M. (1998). Capillary electrochromatography as an alternative separation technique to high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis for the determination of drug related impurities in Lilly compound LY300164. /. Chromatogr. A 829, 175-186. 

Rathore, A. S., and Horvath, C. S. (1996). Separation parameters via virtual migration distances in high-performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis and electrokinetic chromatography /. Chromatogr. A 743, 231-246. 

CZE = capillary zone electrophoresis EC = electrochemical detector GC = gas chromatography HCD = Hall conductivity detector HPLC = high performance liquid chromatography IDMS = isotope dilution mass spectrometry MS = mass spectrometry RSD = relative standard deviation SEE = supercritical fluid extraction SPE = solid phase extraction UV = ultraviolet absorbance detection... 

Cloud point extraction has been applied to the separation and preconcentration of analytes including metal ions, pesticides, fungicides, and proteins from different matrices prior to the determination of the analyte by techniques such as atomic absorption, gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, etc. 

Capillary zone electrophoresis is a powerful tool for the separation of water-soluble vitamins, such as nicotinic acid and vitamin C, with high-pH borate or phosphate buffers. Most simultaneous separations have been performed for fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamins A and E, by MEKC. Here, organic... 

RG Nielsen, EC Rickard, PF Santa, DA Shakarnas, GS Sittampalam. Separation of antibody-antigen complexes by capillary zone electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography. J Chromatogr 539 177-185, 1991. 

The application of high-performance capillary zone electrophoresis (HP-CZE) in its various selectivity modes has become a very valuable adjunct to HPLC for the analysis of peptides. For synthetic peptides, in particular, both HPLC and HP-CZE now form essential components of the analytical characterization of these molecules. Increasingly, zonal, micellar, or (biospecific) affinity-based HP-CZE procedures with open tubular capillary systems are adapted to allow resolution with extremely high separation efficiencies (e.g., >105 plates per meter) of synthetic or naturally occurring peptides as part of the determination of their structural, biophysical, or functional properties. Illustrative of these capabilities are the results shown in Figure 19 for the separation of several peptides with different charge and Stokes radius characteristics by HP-CZE. 

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