Metallurgy phase transformations

The kinetics of diffusion-controlled phase transformations has long been a focus of research and it is vital information for industrial practice as well as being a fascinating theme in fundamental physical metallurgy. An early overview of the subject is by Aaronson et ai (1978). 

C.M. Wayman, Phase Transformations, nondiffusive, in Physical Metallurgy,... 

Physical metallurgy is concerned with the scientific study of materials. Phase transformations, recovery and recrystallization, precipitation hardening, structure-property correlations, characterization of microstructure by microscopy (optical, electron and field-ion), are some specific examples among the many topics covered under physical metallurgy. 

R.D. Doherty, Diffusive Phase Transformations in the Solid State, in Physical Metallurgy, fourth revised editions, editors R.W. Calm and P. Haasen, Elsevier Sci. BV, Amsterdam, 1996, p. 1385. 

Metallurgy was one of the first fields where material scientists worked toward developing new alloys for different applications. During the first years, a large number of studies were carried out on the austenite-martensite-cementite phases achieved during the phase transformations of the iron-carbon alloy, which is the foundation for steel production, later the development of stainless steel, and other important alloys for industry, construction, and other fields was produced. 

G,25 Charles S. Barrett and T. B. Massalski. Structure of Metals, 3rd ed. (New York McGraw-Hill, 1966). A classic book on the crystallographic aspects of physical metallurgy. Really two books in one, the first part dealing with the theory and methods of diffraction of x-rays, electrons, and neutrons the second part with the structure of metals in the wider sense of the word. Very lucid account of the stereographic projection. Stress measurement, phase transformations, preferred orientation. 

SCC in alloys is controlled by the alloy sohd solution composition, grain boundary segregation, alloy phase transformation, duplex structure, and cold work. SCC metallurgy is discussed in detail in Chapter 9. 

Doherty, R.D. (1996). Diffusive phase transformations In the solid state. In Cahn, R.W. Haasen, P. (Eds.), Physical metallurgy (Fourth, revised and enhanced edition ed., Vol. II, pp. 1363-1506). Amsterdam North-Hollaiw. 

Verhoeven, J.D. Fundamentals of Physical Metallurgy John Wiley Sons New York, 1975 220-227. Doremus, R.H. Rates of Phase Transformations Academic Press Orlando, 1985 63-74. 

Christian, J.W. Phase transformations. In Physical Metallurgy Cahn, R.W., North-Holland Pub. Amsterdam, 1970 528 pp. Chapter 10. 

V.A. Izhevskyi, L.A. Genova, A.H.A. Bressiani, and J.C. Bressiani, Liquid Phase Sintered SiC. Processing and Transformation Controlled Microstructure Tailoring, MatRes., 3(4), 131-38 (2000). V.A. Lavrenko, D.J. Baxter, A.D. Panasyuk, and M. Desmanion-Brut, High-Temperature Corrosion of AIN-Based Composite Ceramic in Air and in Combustion Products of Commercial Fuel. 1. Corrosion of Ceramic Composites in the AIN-SiC System in Air and in Combustion Products of Kerosene and Diesel Fuel, Powder Metallurgy and Meta Ceramics, 43(3-4), 179-86 (2004). 

Thermodilatometry (TD) measures dimensional changes as a function of temperature in materials subject to negligible loads. A probe, which is held in light contact with the heated sample, is connected to a sensitive position sensor, usually a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT). In addition to providing expansion coefficients the technique can also indicate phase changes,. sintering, and chemical reactions. Major application areas include metallurgy and ceramics. 

Physical metallurgy is a rather wide field of applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy and it is possible to enumerate only the main topics phase analysis, order-disorder alloys, surfaces, alloying, interstitial alloys, steel, ferromagnetic alloys, precipitation, diffusion, oxidation, lattice defects etc. Alloys are well represented by the iron-carbon system, the mechanism of martensite transformation, high-manganese and iron-aluminium alloys, iron-silicon and Fe-Ni-X alloys. 

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