Metallic surfaces, thin films

SEIRA and SERS are powerful techniques for stmctural characterization of ultra thin films and well-ordered monolayer on metal surfaces. Thin films at interfaces are prepared by different procedures and developed for various applications. The fabrication and characterization of ultra thin films is a permanent area of research where some of the most interesting subjects are (a) bilayers and monolayers at liquid-liquid interface, (b) adsorption monolayers and Langmuir (water-insoluble) monolayers at air-water interface, (c) adsorption films and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at liquid-solid interface and Langmuir-Blodgett Alms, cast (deposit) films and spin-coat films at air-solid interface. Studies about molecular organization of monolayers of porphyrins derivatives, of azamacrocy-cles and their metallic derivatives among the many SEIRA applications to films and interfaces, were published . 

The equations for a system consisting of metallic surface/thin-film elec-trolyte/prismatic window were developed by Seki et al. [29]. Briefly, the equations are... 

Tacconi NR, Medvedko O, Rajeshwar K (1994) Cathodic electrosynthesis of metal sulphide thin films at a sulphur-modified gold surface application to the iron sulphide system. 1 Electroanal Chem 379 545-547... 

Two basic methods have been used to grow metal oxide thin films by the SILAR technique (see Table 8.1). The more common of these methods consists of the adsorption of metal hydroxide ions on the substrate surface followed by thermal treatment to convert hydroxide to an oxide. Another way to produce metal oxide films is to use hydrogen peroxide as the anion precursor and then to convert the formed metal peroxide film to an oxide film. Several examples of each approach are discussed in more detail below. 

The flotation process used by Matsunaga and Tsuya involves floating fine molybdenum disulphide powder on the surface of a liquid, and lifting it off onto the surface of a flat metal plate. After the liquid is removed by draining and drying, a weakly-adherent thin uniform film of the powder is left on the metal surface. The film appears to consist of randomly-oriented crystals, and has been extensively used for research purposes, but not for use in practical machinery. 

The utility of planar-supported model catalysts, consisting of metal clusters deposited on metal oxide thin films, as models for high-surface-area industrial... 

Abdulhalim I, Karabchevsky A, Patzig C, Rauschenbach B, Fuhrmann B, Eltzov E, Marks RS, Xu J, Zhang F, Lakhtakia A (2009) Surface-enhanced fluorescence from metallic sculptured thin films with application to biosensing in water. Appl Phys Lett 94 063206... 

Abdulhalim I, Lakhtakia A, Lahav A, Zhang F, Xu J (2008) Porosity effect on surface plasmon resonance from metallic sculptured thin films. Proc SPIE 7041 70410C... 

Our findings showed that the interaction of compression plasma flow containing metal components with the surface of material resulted in the formation of nanostructured metal based thin films with the size of structural components up to 300 nm. An increase of the number of pulses allows to produce alloys of the steel substrate with the components of plasma flow. Thus, the new method of the materials surface layer modification combined the compression plasma flows treatment with film deposition can be proposed. 

The intermittent plasma-assisted vacuum deposition technique has been found to introduce the effective electrocatalytic activity and stability for CO2 reduction into metal phthalocyanine thin films formed on a glassy carbon. The films properties are significantly influenced by the chemical state of the Aim. It has been suggested that the electrode process is determined by the surface chemical reaction involving adsorbed H and/or H+ and a carbon containing intermediate ". ... 

Placing the reflecting surface in vacuum eliminates degradation of the mirror s reflectance, thus permitting high-quality (silver or aluminum with reflectance p — 0.91-0.96) first-surface mirrors to be used instead of anodized aluminum sheet metal or thin-film reflectors (p = 0.80-0.85) typical of the external reflector designs. 

Kobayashi T, Haruta M, Sano H, Delmon B (1990) Optical detection of CO in air through catalytic chromism of metal-oxide thin films. In Proceedings of the third international meeting on chemical sensors, Cleveland, pp 318-321 Kofstad P (1972) Nonstoichiometry, diffusion and electrical conductivity in binary metal oxides. Wiley, New York Kohl D (1989) Surface processes in the detection of reducing gases with SnOj-based devices. Sens Actuators 18 71-113... 

Willmott, P.R., Herger, R., Schlepiitz, C.M., Martoccia, D., and Patterson, B.D. (2006) Energetic surface smoothing of complex metal-oxide thin films. Phys. 

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