Metal salts Nanosized materials

As a solution-based materials synthesis technique, the microemulsion-mediated method [10-18] offers the unique ability to effect particle synthesis and particle stabilization in one step. The solubilized water droplets serve as nanosize test tubes, thus limiting particle growth, while the associated surfactant films adsorb on the growing particles, thereby minimizing particle aggregation. The purpose of this chapter is to review the literature on the microemulsion-mediated synthesis of metal hydroxides and oxides the definition of a metal is extended here to include the semimetal silicon. Since metal oxides are frequently produced by decomposing metal salts, aspects of the literature on microemulsion-derived metal salts are also considered. In principle, any previously established aqueous precipitation chemistry can be adapted to the microemulsion synthesis technique. Accordingly,... 

Similar structures usually consist of metals or semiconductors, as in the case of QDs. Although the synthesis of these multicomponent nanosized materials is based on techniques similar to those employed for monocomponent materials, important experimental changes should be adopted [34]. For example, in the case of bimetallic nano-objects, if the synthesis starts from metal salts, the order in which the components are reduced constitutes one of the most important synthetic variables. The simplest method consists of the contemporary reduction of two different metal salts. Alternatively, by performing the reduction of the two metals in two subsequent steps, the second reduction generates a coating on the surface of the first metal. Some authors [156,159] suggest that intimate contact between nano-objects of different composition, as in the bicomponent nanosized material system reported in Fig. 6.14d, may induce properties very similar to those of true alloys of the... 

Polyimide layers are suitable matrix for incorporation of metal, salts, chromophores as nanoscale particles to obtain of nanocomposite materials. It was discussed the possibility of use polyimides in materials chemistry and nanomateiials, one of these applications is the use for making biomedical implants for neurology, ophthalmology, biosensor device and chips which are a powerful tool in clinical diagnostics. Another important trend is use in electronics and optoelectronics such as dielectric substrates and intermediate barrier layers, creating nanocomposite films with various nanosized particles such as dyes, metal, dielectric and other clusters. 

In the case of noble metals, several protocols have been described to produce metal nanosized particles by chemical reduction in microemulsions. Pileni and co-workers synthesized metallic particles of Ag," Cu," Co" (and other materials) by reduction of the corresponding salts in w/o microemulsions using borohydride or hydrazine as reducing agents. They also showed a correlation between the structure of the mesophase in the surfactant system with the size and shape of the formation of metallic particle. 

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