Metal, metals nickel

The normal form in which nickel is weighed in analysis. There is metal-metal bonding in the solid. The red complex is precipitated from alkaline solution. 

Other heavy fuel contaminants are metals (vanadium, nickel, sodium) coming from the crude oil itself or metallic salts (aluminum silicates) coming from catalysts in conversion steps. The aluminum silicates should not exceed 300 ppm (30 ppm of aluminum), for these materials exert a strong abrasive action on the engine cylinders and injection systems. They can however be eliminated partially by centrifuging and filtration. 

The metal is employed to form numerous alloys with other metals. Brass, nickel silver, typewriter metal, commercial bronze, spring bronze, German silver, soft solder, and aluminum solder are some of the more important alloys. 

The resulting macrocyclic ligand was then metallated with nickel(II) acetate. Hydride abstraction by the strongly electrophilic trityl cation and proton elimination resulted in the formation of carbon-carbon double bonds (T.J. Truex, 1972). 

Hydrazine Alkali metals, ammonia, chlorine, chromates and dichromates, copper salts, fluorine, hydrogen peroxide, metallic oxides, nickel, nitric acid, liquid oxygen, zinc diethyl... 

Metal Complex. Complexation gas chromatography was first introduced by V. Schurig in 1980 (118) and employs transition metals (eg, nickel, cobalt, manganese or rhodium) complexed with chiral terpenoid ketoenolate ligands such as 3-ttifluoroacetyl-lR-camphorate (6),... 

Common catalyst compositions contain oxides or ionic forms of platinum, nickel, copper, cobalt, or palladium which are often present as mixtures of more than one metal. Metal hydrides, such as lithium aluminum hydride [16853-85-3] or sodium borohydride [16940-66-2] can also be used to reduce aldehydes. Depending on additional functionahties that may be present in the aldehyde molecule, specialized reducing reagents such as trimethoxyalurninum hydride or alkylboranes (less reactive and more selective) may be used. Other less industrially significant reduction procedures such as the Clemmensen reduction or the modified Wolff-Kishner reduction exist as well. 

Some metals used as metallic coatings are considered nontoxic, such as aluminum, magnesium, iron, tin, indium, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, tantalum, niobium, bismuth, and the precious metals such as gold, platinum, rhodium, and palladium. However, some of the most important poUutants are metallic contaminants of these metals. Metals that can be bioconcentrated to harmful levels, especially in predators at the top of the food chain, such as mercury, cadmium, and lead are especially problematic. Other metals such as silver, copper, nickel, zinc, and chromium in the hexavalent oxidation state are highly toxic to aquatic Hfe (37,57—60). 

Metal Copper Nickel Lead Zinc Silver... 

Ma.nufa.cture. The preferred method for making nickel sulfate is adding nickel powder to hot dilute sulfuric acid. Adding sulfuric acid to nickel powder in hot water enhances the formation of H2S. Hydrogen sulfide always forms as a by-product upon reaction of metallic nickel and sulfuric acid. The hberated hydrogen is absorbed by the metal and then reduces the sulfate anion to H2S. 

Ma.nufa.cture. Nickel carbonyl can be prepared by the direct combination of carbon monoxide and metallic nickel (77). The presence of sulfur, the surface area, and the surface activity of the nickel affect the formation of nickel carbonyl (78). The thermodynamics of formation and reaction are documented (79). Two commercial processes are used for large-scale production (80). An atmospheric method, whereby carbon monoxide is passed over nickel sulfide and freshly reduced nickel metal, is used in the United Kingdom to produce pure nickel carbonyl (81). The second method, used in Canada, involves high pressure CO in the formation of iron and nickel carbonyls the two are separated by distillation (81). Very high pressure CO is required for the formation of cobalt carbonyl and a method has been described where the mixed carbonyls are scmbbed with ammonia or an amine and the cobalt is extracted as the ammine carbonyl (82). A discontinued commercial process in the United States involved the reaction of carbon monoxide with nickel sulfate solution. 

Other simple nickel salts of organic acids include the oxalate [20543-06-0] oleate [68538-38-5], and stearate [2223-95-2]. The latter two have been used as oil-soluble nickel forms in the dyeing of synthetic polyolefin fibers (see Driers and metallic soaps). Nickel oxalate has been used as a catalyst intermediate (59). 

Fig. 1. Recycling of the nonferrous metals ( ) lead, ( ) nickel (stainless steel), (U) copper, (S) aluminum, and ( ) 2iac from secondary sources from 1989...

Reverse osmosis (RO) can be employed to remove and recover heavy metals, particulady nickel. 

CatalyticaHy Active Species. The most common catalyticaHy active materials are metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides. OccasionaHy, these are used in pure form examples are Raney nickel, used for fat hydrogenation, and y-Al O, used for ethanol dehydration. More often the catalyticaHy active component is highly dispersed on the surface of a support and may constitute no more than about 1% of the total catalyst. The main reason for dispersing the catalytic species is the expense. The expensive material must be accessible to reactants, and this requires that most of the catalytic material be present at a surface. This is possible only if the material is dispersed as minute particles, as smaH as 1 nm in diameter and even less. It is not practical to use minute... 

The ideal electroless solution deposits metal only on an immersed article, never as a film on the sides of the tank or as a fine powder. Room temperature electroless nickel baths closely approach this ideal electroless copper plating is beginning to approach this stabiHty when carefully controUed. Any metal that can be electroplated can theoretically also be deposited by electroless plating. Only a few metals, ie, nickel, copper, gold, palladium, and silver, are used on any significant commercial scale. 

Metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium and 7% iron... 

Chemical Reactivity - Reactivity with Water Reacts slowly generating hydrogen bromide (hydrobromic acid) Reactivity with Common Materials Decomposes rapidly in the presence of all common metals except nickel and lead, liberating heat and hydrogen bromide Stability During Transport Stable Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics Rinse with sodium bicarbonate or lime... 

Metalized screens Screens that have been metalized with nickel. These screens will bleed off static charges, promote EMC and reflect electromagnetic energy. MGD Million gallons daily - refers to the flow through a waste treatment plant. 

The phenol is reduced with hydrogen in presence of finely divided metallic nickel which acts as a catalyst. The apparatus is shown in Fig. 79. 

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