Metal genetic toxicity

Copper Hemocyanrn/Tyrosinase Models Copper Proteins with Dinuclear Active Sites Copper Proteins with Type 1 Sites Copper Proteins with Type 2 Sites Cytochrome Oxidase Electron Transfer Reactions Theory Long-range Electron Transfer in Biology Metal Ion Toxicity Metal-related Diseases of Genetic Origin Metallochaperones Metal Ion Homeostasis Nutritional Aspects of Metals Trace Elements. 

Metal Ion Toxicity Metal-related Diseases of Genetic Origin. 

Iron Transport Siderophores Metal Ion Toxicity Metal-related Diseases of Genetic Origin Metallochaperones Metal Ion Homeostasis MetaUoregulation Metallothioneins ... 

GENETIC TOXICITY TESTING OF MISCELLANEOUS METAL IONS... 

Warren GR (1982) Detection of genetically toxic metals by microliter microbial DNA repair assay. In Waters MD, Sandu SS, Huisingh JL, Claxton LD, Nes-now S (eds) Short term bioassays in the analysis of complex mixtures II. PB 82-233172, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, pp 101-118. 

Genetic and Neonatal Toxicity. The ability of heavy metals readily to cross the placenta and disrupt nucleic acids coupled with the high sensitivity of the fetus and neonate increases the potential dangers of congenital and neonatal toxicity. In mammalian leukocyte cultures, chromosomal aberrations have been reported with lead (112), arsenic (113), mercury (114), and methylmercury (115). Charbonneau, et al. (116) reported a lack of mutagenic effect for methylmercury. 

Iron is another essential metal that can overload the body as a result of genetic disorders. Hereditary hemochromatosis and sub-Saharan African hemochromatosis are two examples. These two disorders differ in that hereditary hemochromatosis results in excessive iron when iron intake levels are normal, while sub-Saharan African hemochromatosis requires excessive intake of Fe coupled with a genetic predisposition to poorly regulate iron. Generally speaking, toxicity associated with excess essential metals tends to be rare, and it most frequently occurs in people who inappropriately consume dietary supplements. 

Eapen, S. and D Souza, S.F. 2005. Prospects of genetic engineering of plants for phytoremediation of toxic metals. Biotechnology Advances, 23(2) 97-114. 

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