Metabolic recovery

Romani AM, Sabater S (1997) Metabolism recovery of a stromatolitic biofihn after drought in a Mediterranean stream. Arch Hydrobiol 140(2) 261-271... 

One remark can be made refering to the significance of the specific heat dissipation rate (dQ/dt per cell). The nutrient enrichment induced the appearence of an energetically expensive metabolic phase followed by a secondary decrease which indicated a metabolic recovery. This phenomenon was independent of oxygen availability, i.e. in "summer" microcosms where the oxygen tension was severely limited (after enrichment), a similar energetic recovery was observed as in "winter" microcosms (figure 5). 

Dapsone (4,4 -diaminodiphenylsulfone) has been widely used for phenotyping with respect to acetylation by NAT-2 however, the drug is also N-hydroxylated. Formation of the hydroxylamine metabolite by human liver microsomes was found to be selectively mediated by CYP3A (286) this led to the development of a zero- to eight-hour urinary metabolic recovery ratio approach [dapsone hydroxylamine (dapsone + dapsone hydroxylamine)] to quantitatively assess this pathway of metabolism (287,288). Subsequently, the trait measure has been applied as part of a cocktail approach (35) in a number of studies investigating the putative role of CYP3A as a risk factor in cancer (289-291) and other disease states (288,292,293). 

Dietrich W. D., Busto R., Alonso O., Pita-Loor Y., Globus M. Y., and Ginsberg M. D. (1991) Intraischemic brain hypothermia promotes postischemic metabolic recovery and somatosensory circuit activation. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 11, S846. 

Narayanan S, De Stefano N, Francis GS, Arnaoutelis R, Caramanos Z, et al. 2001. Axonal metabolic recovery in multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-lb. 

Selman, W.R., Crumrine, R.C., Ricci, A.J., LaManna, J.C., Ratcheson, R.A., and Lust, W.D. (1990) Impairment of metabolic recovery with increasing periods of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Stroke, 21 467-471. 

Selman, W.R., Lust, W.D., Pundik, S., Zhou, Y, and Ratcheson, R.A. (2004) Compromised metabolic recovery following spontaneous spreading depression in the penumbra. Brain Res., 999 167-174. 

Inoculation of potato disks treated with P. infestans lipids containing radiolabelled EPA and AA resulted in a decline in the proportion of radioactivity recovered in the triglyceride fraction (TG) and increases in the free fatty acid (FFA) and polar lipid fractions (Fig. 1). The reactions proceeded similarly in both incompatible and compatible interactions. Analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters obtained by methanolysis of lipids recovered from potato disks indicated that the treatments had no effect on the levels of elicitor fatty acids relative to the other fatty acids (Table 1). This suggests that the eicosapolyenoic acids were not preferentially metabolized. Recoveries of radioactivity in the lipids were similar for all three treatments (data not shown). Acyl esterase activities were similar in both interactions and declined during the course of the experiments (Fig. 2). 

Figure 20. Synopsis of the metabolic parameters measured during ischaemia (ATP concentration and calorimetry) and during or after reperfusion (ATP concentration and oxygen consumption). The metabolic recovery is dej>endent on the duration of the preceding ischaemic storage. This kind of dependency could be predicted by the time course of the metabolic rate but not by measurement of ATP concentration at specified time points during ischaemic storage. Data are mean SEM (Reproduced from Reference [66] with permission).

Esmolol is iv adrninistered. Maximal P-adrenoceptor blockade occurs in 1 min. Its elimination half-life is about 9 min. EuU recovery from P-adrenoceptor blockade is within 30 min after stopping the infusion. The therapeutic plasma concentrations are 0.4—1.2 lg/mL. It is metabolized by hydrolysis in whole blood by red blood cell esterases resulting in the formation of a primary acid metabohte and free methanol. The metabohte is pharmacologically inactive. The resulting methanol levels are not toxic. Esmolol is 55% bound to plasma protein, the acid metabohte only 10%. Less than 2% of parent dmg and the acid metabohte are excreted by the kidneys. Plasma levels may be elevated and elimination half-hves prolonged in patients with renal disease (41). 

The second method is by use of the heart rate. The total heart rate is regarded as a sum of several components and, in general, is linearly related to the metabolic heat production for heart rates above 120 beats per minute. Heat stress will, however, also increase the heat rate. The third method is to calculate the metabolic heat production from measures of oxygen consumption, and carbon dioxide production during activity and recovery. 

The bacterial culture converts a portion of the supplied nutrient into vegetative cells, spores, crystalline protein toxin, soluble toxins, exoenzymes, and metabolic excretion products by the time of complete sporulation of the population. Although synchronous growth is not necessary, nearly simultaneous sporulation of the entire population is desired in order to obtain a uniform product. Depending on the manner of recovery of active material for the product, it will contain the insolubles including bacterial spores, crystals, cellular debris, and residual medium ingredients plus any soluble materials which may be carried with the fluid constituents. Diluents, vehicles, stickers, and chemical protectants, as the individual formulation procedure may dictate, are then added to the harvested fermentation products. The materials are used experimentally and commercially as dusts, wettable powders, and sprayable liquid formulations. Thus, a... 

Nassar-Gentina, V., Passonneau, J.V., Vergara, J.L.. Ropoport, S.J. (1978). Metabolic correlates of fatigue and of recovery from fatigue in single frog muscle fibers. J. Gen. Physiol. 72, 593-606. 

Drought is perhaps one of the most complex examples to choose but it illustrates well the possibilities of, and pitfalls to, progress. Drought affects almost every facet of plant function and we are faced with the paradox that yield and evapotranspiration are intimately linked. In general, increases in yield when water supply is limiting are likely to result from characteristics which increase the available water supply, increase water use efficiency or increase biomass allocation to the economically useful plant parts (Pass-ioura, 1986). Additionally, features which maintain cell viability and protect metabolism in water-stressed tissue and allow rapid recovery after dry periods will contribute yield under some circumstances. 

Huff and puff technique (1) Huff Migration of cells and synthesis of metabolic products following inoculation and closing of injection well (2) Puff Production and recovery of oil after incubation period... 

Key mechanisms important for improved oil mobilization by microbial formulations have been identified, including wettability alteration, emulsification, oil solubilization, alteration in interfacial forces, lowering of mobility ratio, and permeability modification. Aggregation of the bacteria at the oil-water-rock interface may produce localized high concentrations of metabolic chemical products that result in oil mobilization. A decrease in relative permeability to water and an increase in relative permeability to oil was usually observed in microbial-flooded cores, causing an apparent curve shift toward a more water-wet condition. Cores preflushed with sodium bicarbonate showed increased oil-recovery efficiency [355]. 

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