Metabolic interrelationships regulation

In the present overview, the uptake and metabolic conversion of glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids in mammalian cells have been discussed. Only the main metabolic routes and mechanisms underlying the regulation of enzymes and transport proteins controlling the rate-limiting steps are described. It should be noted that at some points, details are left out and metabolic interrelationships are simplified for the sake of clarity. For details the reader is referred to the original publications and modern textbooks of biochemistry. 

There are, however, more intricate interrelationships between the mycelial architecture of the filamentous organism and the productivity of these organisms. We have observed, for example, that bikaverin is deposited only at the branching points within the hyphae of G fujikuroi (Fig. 3). Below, we shall show that there are correlations between the global translational regulators responsible for both morphogenesis and secondary metabolism. 

The interrelationships between phytotoxins, as secondary metabolites, and primary metabolism is little understood even at the physiological level. Indeed, most of what we do know has come from mimicking studies previously carried out with classical antibiotics. These suggest that phytotoxin synthesis is regulated similarly to that of antibiotics. 

Significantly, inflammation and lipid metabolism exhibit close functional interrelationships and are subject to coordinate, reciprocal regulation. PPARy and LXRs have been reported to reciprocally regulate genes involved in both immunity and lipid metabolism [6,90]. While the primary focus of the action of PPARy in inflammation has focused on receptor-mediated inhibition of inflammatory gene expression, there is a reciprocal effect of inflammation on nuclear hormone expression. Feingold and colleagues have extensively examined the inflammation-mediated suppression of PPARy and RXR expression [91]. 

It will not be possible in this lecture to give a comprehensive and up-to-date survey of the action and interaction of hormones and hormone-like secondary products especially with regard to the regulation of their metabolism, but I should like to illustrate these interrelationships by a few examples. 

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