Mercury compounds Subject

RM can be a traditional Grignard reagent or an organolithium, 2inc, aluminum, or mercury compound. The Grignard route is employed commercially for production of tertiary phosphines, even though these reactions are subject to side reactions. Yields are often low, eg, 40—50% for (C4H )2P prepared via a Grignard reaction (18). A phosphoms—carbon bond can form from the metathetical reaction of a phosphoms haUde and a pseudohaUde salt. 

Cappon and Crispin-Smith [59] have described a method for the extraction, clean-up and gas chromatographic determination of alkyl and aryl mercury compounds in sediments. The organomercury compounds are converted to their chloroderivatives and solvent extracted. Inorganic mercury is then isolated as methylmercury upon reaction with tetramethyltin. The initial extract is subjected to a thiosulphate clean-up and the organomercury species are isolated as their bromoderivatives. Total mercury recovery was in the range 75-90% and down to lpg kg-1 of specific compounds can be determined. 

The literature on these subjects is very scarce. Little is known regarding the electrolysis of amines, whose anodic behavior would probably be very interesting. They are stable at the cathode, and can be obtained electrolytically by reduction of the nitriles. Weems3 has electrolyzed acid amides in the form of their sodium or mercury compounds. He obtained only the unchanged material used as the starting-point. 

Wool fibres may be subjected to fullering - the fibres are treated with an appropriate agent (traditionally mercury compounds were used), which causes the individual scales on the fibre to stand proud of the surface, causing adjacent fibres to become entangled, and increasing the bulk of the material. The process can be employed to make non-woven woollen textiles (i.e. felt), but is also employed to modify the properties of fibres used for yarns and fabrics, and can give a durability to wool fabrics that is not found in the individual fibres. 

Hunter D and Russell D (1954) Focal cerebral and cerebellar atrophy in a human subject due to organic mercury compounds. J Neurol Neurosurg Psy-chiatr 17 235-241. 

Blood samples are best obtained in metal-free evacuated tubes containing heparin (without mercury as a preservative). Cells and plasma may be separated in order to determine the mercury distribution between plasma and blood cells and, thus, get a picture of which type of mercury compound the subject has been exposed to. The samples may be stored for a couple of days before significant hemolysis occurs. The samples may be refrigerated at 4°C or frozen until analysis. As the levels in cells and plasma may differ, it is essential to shake whole blood samples before analysis. 

But the Chinese 2002 standard also subjects cosmetics to non-EU requirements it indicates, for example, the permitted contents of various heavy metals in cosmetics 1 mg/kg for mercury (except mercury compounds anthorized as preservatives in eye prodncts), 40 mg/kg for lead (except for lead acetate in hair dye) and 10 mg/kg for arsenic. 

Metals in the platinum family are recognized for their ability to promote combustion at lowtemperatures. Other catalysts include various oxides of copper, chromium, vanadium, nickel, and cobalt. These catalysts are subject to poisoning, particularly from halogens, halogen and sulfur compounds, zinc, arsenic, lead, mercury, and particulates. It is therefore important that catalyst surfaces be clean and active to ensure optimum performance. 

B2CI4 was the first compound in this series to be prepared and is the most studied it is best made by subjecting BCI3 vapour to an electrical discharge between mercury or copper electrodes ... 

The second area of activity is that of metallo-de-diazoniation, the reactions that are the subject of this section. This activity began in 1929 when Nesmeyanov (1929a, b) and McClure and Lowy (1929, 1931) independently found that phenylmercuric chloride is formed if mercury is vigorously agitated with an aqueous solution of ben-zenediazonium chloride (Scheme 10-86). Analogous compounds based on elements of groups V and Vb (P, As, Sb, and Bi) have also been found, some even before those of mercury. 

Derivatives of 5-alkyl-2-(l,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)thiophenes 168 were synthesized and their photochromic and fluorescent properties studied. A solution of the photochrome was subjected to irradiation over a wide range, including the lines of the mercury spectrum at 313, 365, 405, 436, 546, and 578 nm. It was discovered that the open form of compounds 168 showed strong fluorescence <2002CHE165>. 

Electrophilic substitution at the anthraquinone ring system is difficult due to deactivation (electron withdrawal) by the carbonyl groups. Although the 1-position in anthraquinone is rather more susceptible to electrophilic attack than is the 2-position, as indicated by jt-electron localisation energies [4], direct sulphonation with oleum produces the 2-sulphonic acid (6.3). The severity of the reaction conditions ensures that the thermodynamically favoured 2-isomer, which is not subject to steric hindrance from an adjacent carbonyl group, is formed. However, the more synthetically useful 1-isomer (6.7) can be obtained by sulphonation of anthraquinone in the presence of a mercury(II) salt (Scheme 6.4). It appears that mercuration first takes place at the 1-position followed by displacement. Some disulphonation occurs, leading to the formation of the 2,6- and 2,7- or the 1,5- and 1,8-disulphonic acids, respectively. Separation of the various compounds can be achieved without too much difficulty. Sulphonation of anthraquinone derivatives is also of some importance. 

This very rich chemistry has been the subject of several comprehensive reviews, including recent ones sp carbon centres, general (Kornblum, 1975, 1982 Russell, 1970, 1987), photochemically induced reactions (Bowman, 1988a), substituted aliphatic nitro-compounds (Bowman, 1988b), alkyl mercurials (Russell, 1989) sp carbon centres, general (Norris, 1983 Rossi and... 

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