Meningitis viral

Seizures occur more infrequently in horses than in dogs and cats. Seizures are seen in adult horses from brain trauma, bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis and, rarely, hepatic encephalopathy or vascular accidents. Convulsions are seen in young neonatal foals with NMS as a result of brain hypoxia and in Arabian foals aged 3-9 months (idiopathic Arabian epilepsy). Anticonvulsant therapy is used to prevent the spread of the seizure focus, increase (raise) the seizure threshold and decrease the electrical excitement of abnormal... 

Picornavimses are small, nonenveloped RNA vimses. Members of this family include rhino- and enteroviruses, which are responsible for a variety of human diseases (viral respiratory infection, viral meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, encephalitis, chronic meningoencephalitis, herpangina, otitis media, neonatal enteroviral disease, and acute exacerbations of asthma). 

Normal CSF has a characteristic composition in terms of protein and glucose content, as well as cell count. Table 67-2 lists CSF findings observed in the absence of infection, as well as in patients with bacterial, viral, fungal, and tuberculous meningitis. 

Suggested Alternatives for Differential Diagnosis Hepatitis, meningitis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, malaria, yellow fever, leptospirosis, rickettsioses, river viruses, scrub typhus, typhoid, and other viral infections. 

Active immunization against viral agents causing Japanese encephalitis Active immunization against H. influenzae type b infections (major causative agent of meningitis in young children)... 

Neuraminidases are enzymes present in viruses, bacteria, and parasites. They are implicated in serious diseases such as cholera, meningitis and pneumonia. Neuraminidase from influenza virus aids the transmission of the virus between cells and maintains viral infectivity. In different strains of influenza several amino acids are conserved, especially in the active site, giving rise to hopes of finding a single inhibitor (and so a drug) for all the neuraminidase enzymes from influenza strains. The crucial question is whether a covalent bond is formed between the enzyme and the reaction intermediate. 

After incubation, initial clinical manifestations include fever, cough, chills, myalgia, headache, and sometimes pleuritic chest pain. Approximately 50% of patients show abnormal chest x-rays patchy infiltrates resemble viral disease. Uncommon complications include endocarditis, hepatitis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and osteomyelitis. Most patients who develop endocarditis have preexisting valvular heart disease.3... 

Viral meningitis refers to inflammation of the meninges. It is characterised by headache, neck stiffness and may be accompanied by fever. Lumbar puncture is required to differentiate between bacterial meningitis and viral meningitis. 

Viral meningitis, unlike bacterial meningitis, resolves spontaneously and is not life threatening. 

Viruses are responsible for many human and animal diseases, with a variety of symptoms and levels of severity. Common viral illnesses include colds, influenza, cold-sores (herpes), and childhood infections such as chickenpox, measles, and mumps. More serious conditions include meningitis, poliomyelitis, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the latter potentially leading to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). 

No therapy is available for viral meningitis which is mainly caused by enteroviruses and in general has a good prognosis. For Herpes simplex meningoencephalitis i.v. aciclovir is recommended. 

Tipranavir, a VIH-PR inhibitor, was launched for AIDS therapy (Figure 8.12). Pleconaril inhibits adhesion by binding the viral capsid. It is currently being evaluated for viral infections of the respiratory tract, in particular, for picornavims (meningitis) and rhinovirus (colds) (Figure 8.12). 

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