Membrane historical perspectives

A. K. Cheung, J. K. Leypoldt 1997, (The hemodialysis membranes a historical perspective, current state and future prospect), Sem. Nephrol., 17, 196-213. 

Accordingly, this chapter deals mainly with some of the very recent advances in knowledge of iron transport systems in enteric bacteria. I review critically and place in historic perspective current understanding of the competition phenomenon between phages, colicins, and sidero-phores for outer membrane receptors, the resistance to certain colicins imparted by iron, and, finally, the mechanism of siderophore-mediated iron uptake. 

A historical perspective on aqueous-organic extraction using membrane contactor technology is available in Refs. [1,6,83]. The mechanism of phase interface immobilization was first explored in Ref. [84], while application of membrane solvent extraction for a commercial process was first explored in Ref. [85]. Two aspects of liquid-liquid contact in membrane contactors that are different from typical gas-liquid contact are (1) the membrane used could be hydrophobic, hydrophdic, or a composite of both and (2) the membrane mass transfer resistance is not always negligible. Ensuring that the right fluid occupies the membrane pores vis-a-vis the affinity of the solute in the two phases can minimize membrane resistance. These aspects have been discussed in detail in Refs. [6,86,87]. 

W.T. Grubb and L.W. Niedrach, Batteries with solid ion-exchange membrane electrolytes. II. Low-temperature hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1969, 107, 131 M.L. Perry and T.F. Fuller, Historical perspective of fuel cell technology in the 20th century, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2002,149, S59-S67. 

Stannet. 1978. The transport of gases in synthetic polymeric membranes—An historic perspective. Journal of... 

Stevens TS (2002) The membrane suppressor A historical perspective (review). Journal of Chromatography A 956 43 6. 

Hynes RO (2004) The emergence of integrins a personal and historical perspective. Matrix Biol 23 333-340 Ino Y, Gotoh M, Sakamoto M et al (2002) Dysadherin, a cancer-associated cell membrane glycoprotein, down-regu-lates E-cadherin and promotes metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99 365-370... 

From this brief historical perspective, it can be seen that metal oxides were the basis of inorganic membrane development. In this chapter we will try to examine, in a tutorial rather than complex form, the main features of the metal oxide based membranes, as an important part of the field of inorganic membranes. In this way, some paragraphs will be initially devoted to the fundamentals of membrane synthesis, covering the most common membrane making techniques. Structural, fimctional, and electrical membrane characterization methods will then be introduced. Finally, we... 

Stannett, V, The Transport of Gases in Synthetic Polymeric Membranes—An Historic Perspective, J. Membr. Sci., 3, 97-115, 1978. 

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