Membrane gold-supported

Peptide microarrays are prepared by immobilizing many peptide molecules on the surface of a solid support in a small area in an addressable fashion. The immobilization can be achieved via in situ synthesis or chemical ligation through a covalent bond. A hydrophihc linker between the sohd surface and the peptide usually is added to minimize steric hinderance caused by the sohd support. The most commonly used solid support for microarray printing is a standard microscope glass slide. Other solid supports also have been used such as polystyrene, nitrocellulose membranes, PVDF membranes, Hybond ECL membranes, gold surfaces, and chemical vapor deposited diamond films. 

Lipid bilayer membranes tethered to plasma-polymerized films as hydrophilic supports were another concept introduced recently [28], The plasma polymerization of maleic anhydride (MAH-PP), e.g., has led to the synthesis of thin polymeric coatings that appear to be suitable to act as a reservoir for an aqueous phase and a cushion for lipid bilayers [29], A crucial requirement for the use of such polymers as water containing supports for lipid bilayer membranes is their adhesion to the substrate. In a previous study [30] covalent binding of MAH-PP films to gold supports was achieved by a self assembled alkylthiol adhesion layer. The previous work has shown that maleic anhydride, when polymerized at a low duty cycle, can behave as a polyelectrolyte. The thin polymer layers were found to have a very low electrical resistance (ca. lOOQcm2) after immersion and subsequent hydrolysis/swelling in aqueous buffer. 

As mentioned in the previous section, the first FTIR studies were performed to evaluate the suitable deposition of the low-density lipoprotein on the gold support in order to preserve the lipoprotein structural characteristics. This is an important experimental issue, because the protein structure and surface charging are the most important structural features necessary to be maintained to ensure feasible "ex-vivo" analytical information with respect to oxidative changes induced on cellular membrane by ROS. 

A similar conclusion can be drawn ftom the work by Garcia-Celma et on specific anion and cation binding to lipid membranes investigated on a solid-supported membrane. In this study, defect-ftee lipid membranes were deposited on a gold support. The supported membrane has a surface that is similar to that of a ftee-standing lipid membrane. A solid-supported membrane (SSM) represents a model system for a lipid membrane with the additional benefit of being mechanically so stable that solutions may be rapidly exchanged at its surface. 

Lahiri, J., Kalal, P., Frutos, A. G., Jonas, S. J. and Schaeffler, R. (2000) Method for fabricating supported bilayer lipid membranes on gold. Langmuir, 16, 7805-7810. 

Alguacil, F. J. Coedo, A. G. Dorado, M. T. Padilla, I. Phosphine oxide mediate transport modelling of mass transfer in supported liquid membrane transport of gold(III) using Cyanex 923. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2001, 56, 3115-3122. 

Different types of nucleic acids or their analogues (cDNA, oligonucleotides or peptide nucleic acids), supports (silica, gold, polymeric membranes and gels), surface activation chemistries (organosilanes, thiols) and patterning tools can be used for these purposes and will be described in this review. 

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