Membrane distillation bioreactor

Gryta, M., Morawski, A.W., and Tomaszewska, M. Ethanol production in a membrane distillation bioreactor, Catal. Today, 56, 159,... 

Enzymes can convert lignocellulosic biomass into a suitable fermentation feed-stock for biofuel production. Different yeast strains are used for ethanol production, such as S. diastaticus, Candida sp., S. cerevisiae and K. marxianus, as well as different bacteria such as Zymomonas mobilis. The employment of distillation is desirable for food grade purity of applications other than that of biofuel. In fact, batch fermentation was coupled with a membrane distillation process developed with the application of a membrane distillation bioreactor for ethanol production. Meanwhile,... 

Gryta [150] conducted integration of fermentation process with membrane distillation for the production of ethanol. The removal of by products, which tends to inhibit the yeast productivity, from the fermenting broth by MD process increased the efficiency and productivity of the membrane bioreactor. The ethanol concentration in permeate was 2-6 times higher than that in the fermenting broth. The enrichment coefficient was found to increase with decrease of ethanol concentration in the broth. 

Desalination of seawater is one of the important applications of membrane processes. There are various ways to produce fresh water such as distillation, electrodialysis, membrane distillation, freezing, membrane bioreactor, and reverse osmosis. Among them, distillation is the most used technique, but RO is becoming more popular in the desalination industry. A flow diagram of a single-stage RO system is shown in Fig. 4. 

Phattaranawik J., Pane A.G., Pasquier A.C.S., Bing W. (2008), A novel membrane bioreactor based on membrane distillation. Desalination, 223,386-395. 

Barancewicz, M., Gryta, M. (2012). Ethanol production in a bioreactor with an integrated membrane distillation module. Chemical Papers, 66, 85—91. 

Farid Benyahia (immobilized nitrifiers in wastewater treatment membrane distillation desalination water quality and energy efficiency analysis airlift bioreactors low-grade heat in membrane distillation for freshwater production bioremediation of oil spills development, design and evaluation of advanced refinery wastewater treatment processes), College of Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Qatar University (QU), Doha... 

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) is one of the promising polymeric materials that has prominently emerged in membrane research and development (R D) due to its excellent chemical and physical properties such as highly hydrophobic nature, robust mechanical strength, good thermal stability, and superior chemical resistance. To date, PVDF hollow-fiber membranes have dominated the production of modem microfiltration (MF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane bioreactor (MBR) membranes for municipal water and wastewater treatment and separation in food, beverage, dairy, and wine industries. In the last two decades, increasing effort has been made in the development of PVDF hollow fibers in other separation applications such as membrane contractors [6,7], membrane distillation (MD) [8-11], and pervaporation [12,13]. 

Fig. 23.4 Organophilic pervaporation (PV) for in situ recovery of volatile flavour compounds from bioreactors. The principle of PV can be viewed as a vacuum distillation across a polymeric barrier (membrane) dividing the liquid feed phase from the gaseous permeate phase. A highly aroma enriched permeate is recovered by freezing the target compounds out of the gas stream. As a typical silicone membrane, an asymmetric poly(octylsiloxane) (POMS) membrane is exemplarily depicted. Here, the selective barrier is a thin POMS layer on a polypropylene (PP)/poly(ether imide) (PEI) support material. Several investigations of PV for the recovery of different microbially produced flavours, e.g. 2-phenylethanol [119], benzaldehyde [264], 6-pentyl-a-pyrone [239], acetone/buta-nol/ethanol [265] and citronellol/geraniol/short-chain esters [266], have been published...

Biomaterials, Synthesis, Fabrication, and Applications Bioreactors Distillation electrochemical Engineering Fluid Dynamics Membrane Structure Membranes, Synthetic (Chemistry) Molecular Hydrodynamics Nano-structured Materials, Chemistry of Pharmaceuticals, Controlled Release of Solvent Extraction Wastewater Treatment and Water Reclamation... 

Gryta et al. (2000) combined batch fermentation with the removal of ethanol from the broth by means of the MD process. To separate volatile compounds from the feed (broth), formed as a result of fermentation, they used a porous capillary polypropylene membrane with the following characteristics inner diameter (id) 1.8 mm and outer diameter (od) 2.6 mm, pore sizes with a nominal and maximum diameter of 0.22 and 0.6 mm, respectively, porosity about 73 %, and effective membrane area 490 cml The distillate temperature was 293 K, while the fermentation was performed at 303 (conventional process) and 309 K (MBR). The bioreactor was connected through a pump with a module for MD.The best results correspond to the following factors ... 

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