Membrane bioreactors expression

Membrane bioreactors have been modelled using approaches that have proven successful in the more conventional catalytic membrane reactor applications. The simplest membrane bioreactor system, as noted in Chapter 4, consists of two separate units, a bioreactor (typically a well-stirred batch reactor) coupled with an external hollow fiber or tubular or flat membrane module. These reactors have been modelled by coupling the classical equations of stirred tank reactors with the mathematical expressions describing membrane permeation. What makes this type of modelling unique is the complexity of the mecha-... 

Engineering aspects of membrane bioreactors The dimensionless concentration profiles might be expressed as cosh(0 g)... 

DNA, coding for GFP and a-hemolysin, was introduced in GVs composed by eggPC, together with the whole T T machinery (T7 RNA polymerase and E. coll cell extracts), a-hemolysin, once synthesized, self-assembles at the membrane to form a pore (cut off 3kDa), allowing small solutes enter from outside. This bioreactor was able to sustain GFP expression for four days. GVs were prepared by centrifugation of a pre-formed w/o emulsion. 

The subscripts on the usual process parameters indicate the positions in the process to which these parameters refer. The kinetics of yeast growth can be described by a Monod rate expression with = 0.625 h and Kg = 2 g/L. Cell death and cell maintenance effects are negligible, as is formation of products other than yeast cells. The yield coefficient x/s is 0.44. The effluent from the bioreactor flows directly to a membrane filtration apparams. The membrane is completely permeable to the substrate, so the concentrations of the substrate in the CSTBR, the effluent from the bioreactor, and the permeate from the membrane and in the recycle stream are all identical. The membrane rejects a substantial proportion of the yeast cells so that the ratio of the concentration of yeast in the recycle stream is a factor of 4 larger than that in the effluent from the CSTBR. Volumetric expansion and contraction effects may be considered negligible. 

De Bartolo et al. reported the viability of human hepatocytes in a multibore hollow-fiber bioreactor and their liver specific functions, when human hepatocytes were cultured in the intraluminal compartment of the bioreactor. Human hepatocytes maintained their round shape on the membranes and showed focal adhesions as sites of interaction with the membrane surface they expressed fiver functions, including synthetic and detoxification activity. The results demonstrated that human hepatocytes cultured in the multibore fiber bioreactor are able to sustain the same in vivo fiver functions in vttro. ... 

By substituting and Uqs = Ur into Eqs. (9) and (10), the dependencies of the drain current, on the activity of the ions are obtained. An analogous expression holds for CHEMFETs with another ion-selective membrane, ENFETs (enzyme-layer FETs), IMFETs (immuno-FETs), BIOFETs (with attached bioreactor containing bacteria, whole cells, tissue slices etc.) and REFETs (ISFETs with a constant activity of ions used as a reference to indicating ISFETs). 

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