Membrane applications nanotube membranes

Here, we will report on the design, synthesis, characterization, and applications of template-synthesized nanotube membranes. Then, we will briefly review the synthesis of the template-synthesized nanotube membranes. Some details of differential-surface chemistry on nanombes, and nanombes for bioextraction and biocatalysis are presented. We discuss in detail the drug detoxification using functionalized nanotubes [2], and epoenzyme-, enzyme- and antibody-immobilized nanotubes for enantiomeric separations, biocatalysis, and bioextractions [3-5]. We also describe our recent results on DNA-functionalized nanombe membranes with single-nucleotide mismatch selectivity [6], and the fabrication of artificial ion-channel using single-conical nanombe membrane [7]. 

Albu, S. R, Ghicov, A, Macak, J. M., Hahn, R, and Schmuki, R. (2007). Self-oi nized, free-standing Ti02 nanotube membrane for flowthrough photocatatytic applications. Nano Lett, 7, pp. 1286-1289. 

Other applications in micro and nanoelectronics are been developed with the help of CNTs. One example is the development of sensors that are placed in situ in concrete for the evaluation of internal porosity [13], through the use of oriented nanotube membranes that vibrate when they are in the middle. For certain applications, the solution to this approach is the synthesis of films of aligned CNTs [14-17], enabling the manufacture of monitors and microwave generators. This is possible because of their ability to emit electron by field effect [18]. The applications of these films also include the development of polymeric solar cells the semiconducting properties of CNTs films with anisotropic morphology result in a route for the separation of pairs and conduction electrons/holes generated by photons [19]. 

Besides the typical syntheses of polymer brushes from flat, low-area substrates, STIMP can be conducted from cellulose membranes, carbon nanotubes, and silica or polymeric beads, which has allowed Sl-lMP to be used for synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) from a variety of supports [76-80]. The use of SI-IMP to fabricate MIPs is particularly advantageous over more common fabrication of MIPs by surface-initiated polymerization from surface-bound conventional initiators because the dithiocarbamyl radicals generated from surface-bound iniferters do not cause polymerization in solution, resulting in improved separation capacity [76-80]. In this section a few examples of fabrication of MIPs synthesized by STIMP from a variety of supports for molecular recognition or separation applications are briefly summarized with a focus on particular advantages enabled by the STIMP method. 

Albu SP, Ghicov A, Macak JM et al (2007) Self-organized, free-standing Ti02 nanotube membrane for flow-through photocatalytic applications. Nano Lett 7 1286-1289... 

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a set of materials with different structures and properties. They are among the most important materials of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology field. They combine inorganic, organic, bio-organic, coUoidal, and polymeric chemistry and are chemically inert. They are insoluble in any solvent and their chemistry is in a key position toward interdisciphnary applications, for example, use as supports for catalysts and catalytic membranes [20, 21]. 

Porous Membranes of Nanoparticies from Templating Against AAO Membranes Using LB Technique. AAO-porous substrate has broad applications in making metal and semiconductor nanowires, aligned mesostructured nanorods, inorganic nanotubes. 

Similar Ti02 nanotube array membranes of uniform pore size distribution were prepared also recently by Paulose et al and tested in biofiltration applications. The size of the membranes was 12.5 cm , a size limited by the processing equipment. These membranes can be used in lab-scale tests, but are fragile. 

Applications of titania nanotube arrays have been focused up to now on (i) photoelectrochemical and water photolysis properties, (ii) dye-sensitized solar cells, (iii) photocatalysis, (iv) hydrogen sensing, self-cleaning sensors, and biosensors, (v) materials for photo- and/or electro-chromic effects, and (vi) materials for fabrication of Li-batteries and advanced membranes and/or electrodes for fuel cells. A large part of recent developments in these areas have been discussed in recent reviews.We focus here on the use of these materials as catalysts, even though results are still limited, apart from the use as photocatalysts for which more results are available. 

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