Medium-chain triglycerides, from

Medium-chain triglycerides from fractionated coconut oil... 

Clomethiazole edisilate/Heminevrin Capsules/ AstraZeneca/2002 H3C Sedative 1-4 capsules as needed Soft gelatin capsule 192 mg Medium-chain triglycerides from fractionated coconut oil RT... 

Lycopene was dispersed in medium-chain triglyceride oil derived from esterification of fatty acids and glycerol composition was stable for 3 mo at 25°C, compared with dispersion on soybean oil... 

Pancreatic enzyme supplements should be taken immediately prior to meals to aid in the digestion and absorption of food. Alternately, patients can supplement their diet with medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) or ingest foods rich in MCTs since they do not require pancreatic enzymes for absorption. An appropriate regimen incorporates the successful doses of each enzyme (amylase, lipase, and protease) from the starting non-enteric-coated regimen. As with the previous example, a patient stabilized on Viokase-8, six tablets with each meal, can be transitioned to Pancrease MT-16 three tablets with meals. The famotidine can then be discontinued. 

In contrast to the conventional emulsions or macroemulsions described earlier are the disperse systems currently termeraiicroemulsions. The term was Lrst introduced by Schulman in 1959 to describe a visually transparent or translucent thermodynamically stable system, with much smaller droplet diameter (6-80 nm) than conventional emulsions. In addition to the aqueous phase, oily phase, and surfactant, they have a high proportion of a cosurfactant, such as an alkanol of 4-8 carbons or a nonionic surfactant. Whereas microemulsions have found applications in oral use (as described in the next chapter), parenteral use of microemulsions has been less common owing to toxicity concerns (e.g., hemolysis) arising from the high surfactant and cosolvent levels. In one example, microemulsions composed of PEG/ethanol/water/medium-chain triglycerides/Solutol HS15/soy phosphatidylcholine have been safely infused into rats at up to 0.5 mL/kg. On dilution into water, the microemulsion forms a o/w emulsion of 60-190 nm droplet size (Man Corswant et al., 1998). 

Laube, S., Davies, M.G., Prais, L., and Foulds, I.S., Allergic contact dermatitis from medium-chain triglycerides in a moisturizing lotion, Contact Dermatitis, 47, 171, 2002. 

Laube, S., Allergic contact dermatitis from medium-chain triglycerides, Contact Dermatitis, 48, 350, 2003. 

Biochemical stress can be minimized by using frequent feedings to minimize dependence on fatty acid oxidation, particularly for the liver. Meals should have a high-carbohydrate, low-fat content. Medium-chain triglycerides (synthetic or derived from coconut or palm kernel oils) can be used as these lipids can be oxidized independent of carnitine. These steps are particularly important when any external metabolic stress, such as a viral illness, is present. 

The absorption of vitamin E is relatively poor - only some 20% to 40% of a test dose is normally absorbed from the small intestine, in mixed lipid micelles with other dietary lipids. This absorption is enhanced by medium-chain triglycerides and inhibited by polyunsaturated fatty acids, possibly because of chemical interactions between tocopherols and polyunsaturated fatty acids or their peroxidation products in the intestinal lumen. Esters are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen hy pancreatic esterase and also by intracellular esterases in the mucosal cells. 

Odle, J. 1997). New insights into the utilization of medium-chain triglycerides by the neonate Observatonss from a piglet mode). J. Nutr. 127,1061-1067. 

The water-insoluble solvents used in commercially available solubilized oral formulations include oleic acid, DL-a-tocopherol (Vitamin E), the long-chain triglycerides peanut oil, corn oil, soybean oil, sesame oil, olive oil, peppermint oil, and castor oil, the medium-chain triglycerides derived from coconut oil and palm seed oil, and the short-chain triglyceride triacetin. 

The PhEur 2005 describes medium-chain triglycerides as the fixed oil extracted from the hard, dried fraction of the endosperm of Cocos nucifera L. or from the dried endosperm of Elaeis guineenis Jacq. They consist of a mixture of triglycerides of saturated fatty acids, mainly of caprylic acid and of capric acid. They contain not less than 95% of saturated fatty acids. 

Medium-chain triglycerides should be stored protected from light in a well-filled and well-closed container. When stored dry, in sealed containers, medium-chain triglycerides remain stable for many years. 

Although the PhEur 2005 specifies that medium-chain fatty acids are obtained from coconut oil, medium-chain triglycerides are also to be found in substantial amounts in the kernel... 

Adams U, Neuwald E Comparative studies of the release of salicylic acid from medium-chain triglyceride gel and paraffin ointment bases in vitro and in vivo. Pharm Ind 1982 44 625— 629. 

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