Mechanical properties maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene

N. Sombatsompop, C. Yotinwattanakumtorn, and C. Thongpin, Influence of type and concentration of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene and impact modifiers on mechanical properties of PP/wood sawdust composites. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 97(2), 475-484 (2005). 

Maleic anhydride or maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene are used for improving mechanical properties of cellulose fiber-filled compounds [39 to 42]. 

Simultaneous influence of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MAPP) and silane-treated hemp fibers (HF) on morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of high-flow polypropylene (PP) modified with poly[styrene-b-(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-styrene] (SEBS) was studied. Thermal stability of HF was improved... 

Chow WS, Abu Bakar A, Mohd Ishak ZA, Karger-Kocsis J, Ishiaku US. Effect of maleic anhydride-grafted ethylene-propylene rubber on the mechanical, rheological and morphological properties of organoclay reinforced polyamide 6/polypropylene nanocomposites. Eur Polym J 2005 41 687-96. 

Increasing the temperature and decreasing the strain rate have helped with introdueing more pores as compared to previous room temperature efforts. It is possible through the incorporation of maleic-anhydride grafted EMA and PP to improve the mechanical properties, in particular ductility, of polypropylene/polysulfone blends. It is also possible to introduce a significant increase in the number of pores. 

A multilayer coextrusion die was used to create polypropylene (PP) / organoclay nanocomposites and to study the stress effects on clay dispersion. Nanocomposites contained 5 wt% maleic anhydride grafted PP compafibilizer and 1-5 wt% organoclay. Nanocomposite layers were extruded opposite talc fill PS before being separated. Individual PP nanoconposite layers were tested for improvements in mechanical, thermal and barrier properties and were compared to theoretical predictions in order to determine an aspect ratio for the organoclay. Aspect ratios from theory were compared to those measured directly through TEM. A PP nanocomposite / elastomer system was also considered. 

The most commonly used compatibilLzers for the blends are graft copolymers of polypropylene with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MAH) (197-203), glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA) (204,205), and acrylic acid (PP-g-AA) (198,206). They can increase the tensile strength and impact strength of the blends. Favis et al. (207-210) used an ionomer, a copolymer of ethylene and a mixture of methacrylic acid, zinc methacrylate, and isobutylacrylate to compatibUize PP/PA blends and found it effective to decrease the dispersed particles and improve mechanical properties. 

Polypropylene is functionalized to improve or enhance one or more properties. Carboxylation of polypropylene adds an acid group to the polymer that improves adhesion to many substrates and imparts compatibility with many other polymers. Polypropylene is commonly carboxylated by grafting onto the backbone either acrylic acid or maleic anhydride. The grafting reaction mechanisms are quite different for AA and MA. Glicidyl methacrylate (GMA) is another monomer that can be grafted onto the polypropylene backbone. 

The type of fiber, polymer matrix, and coupling agent are of importance in order to improve the mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Also, the performance of the composites depends on several factors, such as chemical composition, microfibrillar, cell dimensions, and the interaction between the fiber and the polymer matrix. The effect of WG on the tensile properties of sisal fibers was reported [75]. The composites were compounded with sisal fibers and polypropylene matrix. The chemical modification treatments for the composites apphed were WG solution and polypropylene-grafted maleic anhydride copolymer. 

Paramesvaranpillai Jyotishknmar, Joseph George, Chellappan V. Resmi, Zahakariah K. Ajesh, and Hameed Nishar. The effect of propylene-graft-maleic anhydride on the morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene/polystyrene blends. J. Polym. Res. 22 no. 2 (2015) 2. 

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