Mean time between coincidences

The mean time between coincidences (MTBC) is the reciprocal of the average frequency of dangerous coincidences ... 

MTBC mean time between coincidence (time)... 

The correlation coefficients between a 10 year monthly mean time series of volatilisation rates and SST, 1 Om wind speed and pollutant concentration are used to elucidate which of the parameters drives the volatilisation rate changes and causes the deviations from the long term mean. All of the parameters do not vary independently. Since both SST and wind speed influence the volatilisation rate in a nonlinear manner, it is not intuitive whether an increase in wind speed leads to an increase in volatilisation rate. A raise in wind speed that coincides with a decrease of the sea surface temperature can lead to a negative linear correlation coefficient between volatilisation rate and wind speed. For that reason the partial correlation coefficient is calculated in addition to the simple linear correlation coefficients. It explains the relation between a dependent and one or more independent parameters with reduced danger of spurious correlations due to the elimination of the influence of a third or fourth parameter, by holding it fixed. One important feature of the partial correlation coefficient is, that it is equal to the linear correlation coefficient if both variables... 

For the prevention of nuisance therefore there are two possibilities. First, the formation or release of odorous chemical species can be discouraged. In practice this usually means the prevention of reducing conditions (negative redox potential) and possibly the prior removal of certain key compounds. Second, the time of contact between the sludge/ slurry and the air can be reduced, for example by ploughing in or sub-surface injection, and the act of spreading can be timed to coincide with favourable atmospheric conditions. These two approaches can of course be used in combination. 

In its turn Fig. 6.2 illustrates the effect of the initial concentration on the static tunnelling recombination kinetics. The latter is defined by a competition of three distinctive scales - the tunnelling recombination radius ro, mean distance between particles Iq = n(0) 1/d and lastly, the time-dependent correlation radius . At long time curves corresponding to different initial concentrations could be coincided by their displacements along ordinate axis, which confirms existence of the universal asymptotic decay law. 

In his intervention Blackett treated the discovery of the positron in cosmic rays by C. D. Anderson in 193246 and its confirmation by Blackett and Occhialini,47 who had introduced, for the first time, the technique of triggering a vertical cloud chamber by means of the coincidence between two Geiger counters, one placed above, the other below the chamber. Blackett also discussed a number of papers by Meitner and Philipp, Curie-Joliot, Blackett, Chadwick and Occhialini, and Anderson and Nedder-meyer,48 all appearing almost at the same time, on the production of positrons in various elements irradiated with the -/-rays of 2.62 MeV energy of The. These were the first observations of electron-positron pair production. He also pointed out that the observed production of positrons has a cross section larger than the nuclear dimensions, and therefore, most probably, does not originate from a nuclear process. 

In the case of cadmium in urine, only the molecular absorbance spectrum of PO caused interference, as shown in Figures 8.28 and 8.29. However, the situation in this case was particularly complex, firstly, because there was again a direct coincidence in time between the atomic and the molecular absorption (Figure 8.28 (a)), and secondly because the molecular absorbance spectrum of PO was particularly rich in fine-structure lines (Figure 8.29) that were at least in part overlapping with the atomic absorption line at 228.802 nm. This means that the only solution in this case is least-squares BC which, however, removed all molecular absorption perfectly, as shown in Figure 8.28 (b) [60]. 

Comparison between xf a as determined on the basis of Eq. (3.1.15) from the microscopically determined crystallite radius and the intracrystalline diffusivity measured by PFG NMR for sufficiently short observation times t (top left of Figure 3.1.1), with the actual exchange time xintra resulting from the NMR tracer desorption technique, provides a simple means for quantifying possible surface barriers. In the case of coinciding values, any substantial influence of the surface barriers can be excluded. Any enhancement of xintra in comparison with x a, on the other side, may be considered as a quantitative measure of the surface barriers. 

Since the QRLPP has a fairly high electron temperature, the normal equilibrium between the Cs2 molecules and the Cs atoms is affected in the QRLPP. This means that the bound Cs2 (singlet) density is decreased while the unbound Cs2 (triplets) density is increased due to the QRLPP. We have indeed observed that the transient destruction of molecular state by the pulsed QRLPP can be measured by positioning the cw probe beam close to or in coincidence with the pulsed laser beam. The transient absorption signals observed in the probe beam, with long transient time constants (for example, on the order of 1 msec) provide a new method to study diffusion dynamics in a vapor system (33). 

---