Mean lethal dose

The more soluble forms of barium such as the carbonate, chloride, acetate, sulfide, oxide, and nitrate, tend to be more acutely toxic (50). Mean lethal doses for ingested barium chloride were 300—500 mg/kg in rats and 7—29 mg/kg in mice (47). 

The mean lethal dose by ingestion in humans has been estimated to be between 15 and 30g, although death has been reported after as little as 1 g. A significant elevation in methemoglobin levels was reported in adult volunteers given 2 5 mg orally. ... 

By ingestion, the mean lethal dose for humans probably lies between 120 and 180ml. Symptoms include burning pain in the mouth and throat, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally diarrhea. Central nervous system effects are excitement, ataxia, confusion, and stupor. Convulsions may occur several hours after ingestion. Fever and tachycardia are common, and death is usually attributed to respiratory failure. ... 

Animal species show great variability in mean lethal doses of methanol. The special susceptibility of humans to methanol toxicity is probably due to folate-dependent metabolism to formate and not to methanol itself or to formaldehyde, the intermediate metabolite. 

Papers describing the destruction by radiation of approximately 150 microorganisms have been published. Since the work was carried out under varying conditions and with a wide range of objectives it is not prudent to draw quantitative comparisons between lethal curves reported by different scientists. In general, under conditions of normal aeration in buffer or saline solutions the mean lethal doses shown in Table VI may be taken as representative. 

The mean lethal dose (M.L.D.) is the number of roentgens required to kill 63% of the microbiological population. 

All the organogermanium derivatives of 1-adamantane 7 studied are low toxic substances their mean lethal doses exceed 1000 mgkg-1 (Table 17)40. However, some patterns... 

Several animal studies have shown that levobupivacaine on an equivalent dose basis is safer than bupivacaine 32-57% more levobupivacaine is required to cause death (4). In sheep, the mean lethal dose of levobupivacaine was 78% higher than that of bupivacaine the author suggested that there may be a similar trend in humans and concluded that levobupivacaine should be used in preference to bupivacaine, based on safety data alone. 

The LD50 is the mean lethal dose of a drug required to kill 50 per cent of the test sample. 

The slope of the straight part of the line allows calculation of the mean lethal dose, D, which is the dose required to inactivate the fraction 1 — e (i.e. 63%) of the cells. Designating the surviving fraction as gives... 

C. Ingestion. Reported fatal doses vary from 200 mg to more than 20 g of iodine an estimated mean lethal dose is approximately 2-4 g of free iodine. USP iodine tincture contains 100 mg iodine per 5 mL, and strong iodine tincture contains 350 mg of iodine per 5 mL. Iodine ointment contains 4% iodine. Consider ethanol toxicity with large exposures (see p 190). 

Acute overdose. The oral mean lethal dose (MLD) of selenite salts in the dog is about 4 mg/kg. Ingestion of 1-5 mg/kg sodium selenite in five adults caused moderate reversible toxicity. Ingestion of as little as 15 mL of gun bluing solution (2% selenious acid) has been fatal. 

Sodium selenite (selenium trioxide) CASRN 10102-18-8 White powder Mean lethal dose of selenite salts In dogs 4 mg/kg. Human ingestion of 1-5 mg/kg sodium selenite caused moderate toxicity. 

Methisazone 6.19) (l-methylisatin-3-thiosemicarbazone, Marboran ) inhibits the multiplication of vaccinia virus in experimental animals. The antiviral action is extraordinarily high. Mice infected intracerebrally with 1000 mean lethal doses (LD50) of vaccinia (cowpox) virus required only 0.5 mg/kg for protection, and only 10 mg/kg was needed for protection against variola major... 

Substance Mean lethal dose (cat assay) (micrograms/ kg.) Mean systolic dose (frog assay) (micro-grams/kg.)... 

Mean lethal dose (LD50) experimental animal H, dog M, Mouse, R, rat K, rabbit. GABA y-aminobutyric acid. 

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