Maximum travel distance

Equipment requirements are 1 to 7 SHU, 1 to 8 tractors and trailers, a single highlift, and 2 or 3 dumpers and hoppers at the power plant. The maximum traveling distance from the power plant at which it is more economical to use SHU only ranges from 1.6 to 6.0 miles and in the majority of the cases, 2 to 4 miles. 

The characteristics of the routes of egress to an exit are also important, especially in as critical a facility as a laboratory building. Care should be taken, just as within the laboratory, for the distances to be as short and direct as practicable. The location of hazardous areas should be chosen to eliminate or minimize the probability of the direction of travel on a primary or secondary evacuation route being toward a likely hazard during an emergency. The normally allowed maximum travel distances for the... 

Access to an Exit Occupants should be able to travel to an exit without obstructions. Designs should avoid dead ends. Standards set travel distance limits to an exit. Routes should not require passage through lockable doors (see Case 16-4) and should not pass through areas of severe fire hazard. Maximum travel distance permitted from any point to an exit... 

The two key features in planning a means of escape are, firstly, the travel distance which is the distance a person must travel from any point within a floor area to the nearest exit to a protected stairway, escape route or to a place of safety. In general 18 m is considered to be the maximum travel distance if there is only one exit and 45 m if there is more than one. Secondly, except in special circumstances, at least two escape routes in substantially opposite directions should be provided for every storey or level of a building. The width of the exit and the escape route is governed by the number of people who may be present on the storey or level but the minimum permitted width is 826 mm. Where a corridor forms part of the travel distance it should be enclosed to restrict the spread of smoke. If the corridor is a dead end then it must have at least half-hour fire resistance walls and ceilings so that people can safely pass by a room if it is on fire. If the corridor connects alternative exits it should be fitted with smoke stop doors mid-way between the exits. 

The above guidelines are to be used with caution. Each part of the worksite must be looked at and a decision made on how quickly persons would react to an alert of fire in each area. Adequate safety measures will be required if persons are identified as being at risk. Where maximum travel distances (see later) cannot be achieved, extra fire safety precautions will be needed. 

Table 15.1 gives maximum travel distances which experience has shown are acceptable for a variety of situations in construction. 

NFPA 10 also classifies extinguishers by the types of fuels and fires that they are third-party-tested and approved to extinguish. It also assigns a maximum travel distance, which is the distance an occupant would have to travel to locate an extinguisher for each class. This includes the actual path traveled among desks or other obstructions. A discussion of this can be found in the NFPA s Fire Protection Handbook chapter on fire extinguisher use and maintenance. 

Type of hazard Basic minimum extinguisher rating Maximum travel distance to extinguishers, ft (m)... 

Figure 8 shows the experimental results of the droplet position and velocity in a periodic tenqterature field at different switching frequencies. In this case, the experimental results agree relatively well with the theoretical prediction in Fig. 6. Based on both experimental and theoretical data, the dynamic behavior of the droplet is determined by a number of parameters such as viscosity, drop length and switching frequency. In general, the droplet motion can follow the temperature change at low switching frequencies. However, the maximum traveling distance decreases at higher frequencies.

Maximum travel distance (1) where travel is possible in ... 

The horizontal dispersion of a plume has been modeled by the use of expanding cells well mixed vertically, with the chemistry calculated for each cell (31). The resulting simulation of transformation of NO to NO2 in a power plant plume by infusion of atmospheric ozone is a peaked distribution of NO2 that resembles a plume of the primary pollutants, SO2 and NO. The ozone distribution shows depletion across the plume, with maximum depletion in the center at 20 min travel time from the source, but relatively uniform ozone concentrations back to initial levels at travel distances 1 h from the source. 

Chapter 7 is the chapter dealing with Special Conditions and it addresses most of the cables with highly improved fire performance. Thus, Articles 725 (Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 Remote-Control, Signaling, and Power-Limited Circuits), 760 (Fire Alarm Systems), and 770 (Optical Fiber Cables and Raceways) all use the same two schemes for fire performance of cables, as shown in Figures 21.4 and 21.5. The figures show that the best is NFPA 262,65 a cable fire test for flame spread and smoke, conducted in a modified Steiner tunnel (86 kW or 294,000 BTU/h), for which the requirements in the NEC are that the maximum peak optical density should not exceed 0.5, the maximum average optical density should not exceed 0.15, and the maximum allowable flame travel distance should not exceed 1.52m (5 ft). The next test, in the order of decreasing severity is UL 1666,64 known... 

FIGURE 4.1 As a water wave moves across an otherwise calm tank, its maximum amplitude and wavelength can be determined. Its speed is found by dividing the travel distance of a particular wave crest by the time elapsed. 

This aerosol traveled a maximum sampled distance of some 450 miles and covered an area of over 34,000 square miles. The concentration of particles in this aerosol could have been increased by increasing the source strength, which was small in this case. 

Different travel distances are established for unsprinklered and sprin-klered buildings with the exception of certain occupancies classified as Hazardous Uses. Maximum allowable travel distances for individual occupancies should be determined by reference to the applicable code. 

The hydraulic cylinder contains the hydraulic oil necessary to enable the lifting action of the elevator. The total vertical travel distance of this particular elevator is 26 ft (7.92 m) and the cylinder volume is 3 gal/ft (11.4L/m). A total of 77 gal (291.5 L) of oil is encased by the cylinder when the elevator is in the uppermost position in the shaft. When fully lowered, the volume of oil in the cylinder is decreased to 42 gal (159 L). There is another 15 gal (58.6 L) of oil reserve over and above that required to raise the car to its maximum extension. There is an additional 4 gal (15.6 L) of oil contained on the lines connecting the power unit to the cylinder. Hence, the total oil contained in this system during full extension is equal to... 

Limit a maximum arresting force on an employee to 1,800 pounds when used with a body harness (3) Bring an employee to a complete stop and limit maximum deceleration distance an employee travels to 3.5 feet and (4) Have sufficient strength to withstand twice the potential impact energy of an employee... 

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