Crest, of wave

Both the foregoing photoadducts exhibit three diffusion-controlled polarographic waves in aqueous medium in the pH range 1-12 92). The first two waves are due to successive one-electron additions, followed by the third, a two-electron reduction step. The pH-dependence of the initial one-electron reduction wave was found to be similar to that for pyrimidone-2. Following electrolysis, at the crest of wave I, of either of the photoadducts, the two one-electron waves disappeared and the reduction products exhibited UV absorption spectra with a band at 375 nm. A similar absorption band is exhibited following sodium borohydride reduction of Cyt(5-4)Pyo, leading to a product identified as 5-(4-pyrimidin-2-one)-3,6-dihydrocytosine. Mass spectroscopy revealed that the products of reduction on wave I were dimers consisting of two molecules of reduced photoadducts 92). 

A slick often breaks into windrows on the sea under the influence of either waves or zones of convergence or divergence. Oil tends to concentrate between the crests of waves simply due to the force of gravity. There are often vertical circulation cells in the top 20 m of the sea. When two circulation cells meet, a zone of convergence is formed. When two currents diverge, it forms a zone of divergence. 

Severe Gale Slight structural damage occurs (chimney-pots and slates removed). High waves. Dense streaks of foam along the direction of the wind. Crests of waves begin to topple, tumble and roll over. Spray may affect visibility. 

Frequency The number of crests of waves that pass a fixed point in a given time. 

NOTE Frequency refers to number of crests of waves of same wavelength that [>ass by a point in one secO nd.)... 

Let us consider the gradient of the phase field (j) of the oscillators. Due to the bijective mapping between the network space and the physical space, the phase (j) is also a function of the coordinates (ri,r2). The vector is perpendicular to the crests of waves and is computed easily by finite-difference approximation of the expression ... 

A stone dropped in a pond pushes the water downward, which is countered by elastic forces in the water that tend to restore the water to its initial condition. The movement of the water is up and down, but the crest of the wai c produced moves along the surface of the water. This type of wave is said to be transverse because the displacement of the water is perpendicular to the direction the wave moves. When the oscillations of the wave die out, there has been no net movement of water the pond is just as it was before the stone was dropped. Yet the wave has energy associated with it. A person has only to get in the path of a water wave crashing onto a beach to know that energy is involved. The stadium wave is a transverse wave, as is a wave in a guitar string. 

Frequency (v), the number of wave cycles (successive crests or troughs) that pass a given point in unit time. If 108 cycles pass a particular point in one second,... 

Lothar Meyer, a physicist, examined atomic volumes. He plotted atomic volume against molar mass and observed the pattern shown in the figure. There is a clear pattern of waves, cresting successively at Li,... 

For diabatic flow, that is, one-component flow with subcooled and saturated nucleate boiling, bubbles may exist at the wall of the tube and in the liquid boundary layer. In an investigation of steam-water flow characteristics at high pressures, Kirillov et al. (1978) showed the effects of mass flux and heat flux on the dependence of wave crest amplitude, 8f, on the steam quality, X (Fig. 3.46). The effects of mass and heat fluxes on the relative frictional pressure losses are shown in Figure 3.47. These experimental data agree quite satisfactorily with Tarasova s recommendation (Sec. 3.5.3). 

Figure 3.46 Experimental and calculated values of wave crest amplitude (a) p = 6.86 MN/m2 ...

The physical situation is very similar to that of a boat moving on the sea surface, the gravity playing the role of the ponderomotive force in the previous case. The water moves from the immersed volume of the boat towards the stern, where it accumulates in the first crest of a wave produced in the boat... 

In the high-velocity atomization processes, the effect of the compressibility of atomization gas could be quite appreciable. Extending Taylor s analysis 245 for a gas flow over a liquid to a compressible gas flow, Bradley t329 330 developed an expression for the fastest growing wavelength that dominates the disruption at the interface. Supposing that surface tension nips off the crest of the wave into a filament whose diameter is some fraction of the... 

An easily visualised example of a transverse wave is that obtained when a stone is dropped into a pool of water. The disturbance, or water wave, can be seen spreading across the surface in the form of circular crests of increasing radius. Any objects in the pool (e. g. 

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