Materials synthesis supercritical carbon dioxide

Ohde, H Hunt, F. and Wai, C.M. (2001) Synthesis of silver and copper nanopartides in a water-in-supercritical-carbon dioxide microemulsion. Chemistry of Materials, 13 (11), 4130-4135. 

Cooper, A.I. (2000) Polymer synthesis and processing using supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Materials Chemistry,... 

Supercritical carbon dioxide has been used as a dispersing medium for the manufacture and processing of polymeric materials. The process allows for the synthesis of high molar mass acrylic polymers in the form of micrometer-sized particles with a narrow size distribution. This procedure represents an environmentally responsible alternative to aqueous and organic dispersing media for heterogeneous dispersion polymerizations (Fox, 1994). 

Chauhan, N., Colclough, M.E., Hamid,). (1999) Synthesis of energetic materials in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide. Proc. 6th Inti. Symp. on Applications of Supercritical Fluids, Nottingham, UK, 1999. 

This book describes green chemistry approaches that employ liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Supercritical fluids have been investigated for more than a century however, applications to chemical synthesis and materials processing are relatively new. Since the 1990s, we have witnessed a veritable explosion of increased research activity in the area of chemical reactions and processes in liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide with the... 

In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. Polymer particles are prepared extensively as synthetic emulsions and latexes, which are applied as binders in the industrial fields of paint, paper and inks, and films such as adhesives and coating materials. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards aqueous dispersed systems due to the increased awareness of environmental issues. Moreover, such polymer particles have already been applied to more advanced fields such as bio-, information, and electronic technologies. In addition to the obvious commercial importance of these techniques, it is of fundamental scientific interest to completely elucidate the mechanistic details of macromolecule synthesis in the microreactors that the polymer particles in these heterogeneous systems constitute. 

Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCOa) has attracted much interest recently as an alternative solvent for materials synthesis and processing (i-i). We discuss here four areas where the use of compressed fluid solvents may offer unique advantages ... 

Ohde H. Hunt, F. War, C. M. (2001). Synthesis of Sdver and Copper Nanopartides in a Water-in-Supercritical-Carbon Dioxide Mcroemulsion, Chemistry of Materials, Vol.l3, pp.4130-4135, ISSN 0897-4756... 

Krocher 0., Koppel R.A., Baiker A. Sol gel derived hybrid materials as heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis ofN,N-dimethylformamide from supercritical carbon dioxide. Chem. Commim. 1996 1497-1498... 

E Dada, W Lau, RE Merritt, YH Paik, G Swift Synthesis of poly(acryUc acid)s in supercritical carbon-dioxide. Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. 74, 1996, p. 427. 

Cooper, A.I. and Holmes, A.B. (1999) Synthesis of molded monolithic porous polymers using supercritical carbon dioxide as the porogenic solvent. Advanced Materials, 11,1270-. 

The use of supercritical carbon dioxide has the unique advantage of combining synthesis of aliphatic polyesters and pocessing. For instance, the polyester formed in the high-pressure reactor can be in situ loaded by guest molecules, or collected as microparticles and porous material. 

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