Material transport handling techniques

Selves, T. P., and Barnes, R. N., A Review of In-Line Splitting Techniques used in Pneumatic Conveying, 4 th Int. Conf. on Bulk Materials Storage, Handling and Transportation, 2 353-358, IEAust. Proc, Wollongong (1993)... 

The freezing point of a coalescing agent should be low (below -20°C) as materials with a high freezing point may require specialized (therefore more expensive) handling techniques in transport and storage. 

The technique is applicable to all systems which transport, handle, transfer, use, or dispose of hazardous materials or physical agents (Tarrents, 1980). 

Normal material handling techniques such as a hopper loader are readily used with EVA. However, when pneumatically transporting this material over long distances the design of the handling system must accommodate the low surface hardness and the low softening point of EVA. 

Because the thin section specimens are not contaminated with adhesives or embedding materials, and because the samples are readily accessible on the stage of the IR microscope, this technique is well suited for in situ" treatments of the coal. Alternatively, since the 15 micrometer thick specimens of coal can ordinarily be handled and transported without damage (if proper care is taken), an untreated sample can be initially analyzed, then it can be removed from the instrument for chemical or thermal treatment, and finally, the same specimen can be returned to the microspectrometer for determination of the changes in the IR spectrun. The analysis of the same specimen before and after treatment is highly desirable for micro-heterogeneous substances such as coals. 

Reduction in physical size is often required before biomass is used as a fuel or feedstock. Size-reduction techniques are employed to prepare biomass for direct fuel use, fabrication into fuel pellets, cubes, and briquettes, or conversion. Smaller particles and pieces of biomass reduce its storage volume, facilitate handling of the material in the solid state and transport of the material as a slurry or pneumatically, and sometimes permit ready separation of components such as bark and whitewood. The size of the pieces or particles can be critical when drying is used because the exposed surface area, which is a function of physical size, can determine drying time and the methods and conditions needed to remove moisture. There are a few exceptions where size reduction is not needed, such as in whole-tree burning. 

Fugitive emissions arise from uncontained sources (transfers, storage, spills) and the incomplete evacuation of contained sources. BAT is to apply a combination of measures concerning material handling and transport and to optimise exhaust gas capture and cleaning through one or more capture techniques. Preference is given to collection of the fume nearest to the source. 

The objective of packaging is to facilitate handling, interim storage, transport and disposal of radioactive waste in a safe manner. The container for packaging is basically a vessel/dmm/box made of metal, concrete, polymer or composite materials in different shapes, sizes. Standardisation of packaging is necessary to ensure compatibility of equipment as well as the handling and disposal techniques. The major functions of packaging containers are... 

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