Mate location

Equipment Materials and Abrasion Resistance. Stainless steel, especially Type 316, is the constmction material of choice and can resist a variety of corrosive conditions and temperatures. Carbon steels are occasionally used. Rusting may, however, cause time-consuming maintenance and can damage mating locating surfaces, which increases the vibration and noise level. Titanium, HasteUoy, or high nickel alloys are used in special instances, at a considerable increase in capital cost. 

Amongst amphibia, chemosignalling is most prominent as part of mate location, courtship and mating (Chaps. 2 and 3). Social usage of... 

Mordue-Luntz, A. J., Ingvarsdottir, A., Birkett, M. A., etal. (2004). The role of pheromones and kairomones in mate location of the salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis Cmst2iCea Caligid2ie).lnProceedingsoftheAnnualMeetingqfInternationalSocietyofChem-icalEcology, July 2004, Ottawa, Canada. 

Carrholtus xanthogrammus s Female silk used for mate location by males Yoshida and Suzuki, 1981... 

Proof of the existence of a volatile pheromone is more straightforward, but experimental separation of olfactory from visual, vibrational, and acoustic cues remains essential. Mate location may be mediated by pheromones in many spider species, because spiders, like insects, often face the task of locating a mate at some distance. 

Yoshida, H. and Suzuki, Y. (1981). Silk as a cue for mate location in the jumping spider, Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille) (Araneae Salticidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 16 315-317. 

Long-distance mate location that is mediated by pheromones is true communication as defined by Burghardt (1970), in that there are selective constraints on both the females production of the signal and the males response - in other words, selection favors some individuals over others in finding a mate. In a provocative argument, Williams (1992) contended that the female odor used by males for mate location is not a pheromone, because in moths there is no special machinery ... 

CardC R. T. and Hagaman, T. E. (1984). Mate location strategies of gypsy moths in dense populations. Journal of Chemical Ecology 10 25-31. 

Ginzel, M. D. and Hanks, L. M. (2005). Role of host plant volatiles in mate location for three species of longhomed beetles. J. Chem. Ecol., 31, 213-217. 

Lu, W Wang, Q., Tian, M. Y., He, X.Z., Zeng, X. L. and Zhong, Y. X. (2007). Mate location and recognition in Glenea cantor (Fabr.) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae Lamiinae) Roles of host plant health, female sex pheromone, and vision. Environ. Entomol., 36, 864-870. 

Ingvarsdottir A, Birkett MA, Duce I, Mordue W, Pickett JA, Wadhams LJ, Mordue (Luntz) AJ (2002) Role of semiochemicals in mate location by parasitic sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis. J Chem Ecol 28 2107-2117... 

Amphipods and mysids with male-specific sensilla evidently show sexual dimorphism in the olfactory sensilla. These sensilla are ideal for studies of the correlation between sensilla morphology and functional reproductive behaviors like mate location. Mating has barely been studied at all in mysids (Clutter 1969) but is apparently a very rapid process that takes place immediately after the female molt. Sex attraction by males to molting females is species-specific and stimulus acquisition and mating-related behaviors by the male can indicate the role of the male-specific sensilla in mysid reproduction. 

Watras CJ (1983) Mate location by diaptomid copepods. J Plankton Res 5 417 123... 

For lysianassid amphipods Kaufmann (1994) suggested that the aesthetascs are involved in perception of waterborne food stimuli. Apparently, the same basic chemoreceptor design employed in food location (aesthetascs) is also used in mate location. While the role of aesthetascs in chemoreception is unquestioned, there are a number of other structures whose chemosensory role remains speculative or controversial (e.g., Kai m-Malka et al. 1999). At the base of the antennae a few amphipod species have cup-shaped structures termed calceoli, which are most common in males. One of the first studies on chemical communication in peracarids suggested that the calceoli on the 2nd antennae of male Gammarus duebeni are the... 

Bertin A, Cezilly F (2005) Density-dependent influence of male characters on mate-locating efficiency and pairing success in the waterlouse Asellus aquaticus an experimental study. J Zool 265 333-338... 

Bushmann PJ, Atema J (2000) Chemically mediated mate location and evaluation in the lobster, Homarus americanus. J Chem Ecol 26 883-899... 

Dusenbery DB, Snell TW (1995) A critical body size for use of pheromones in mate location. J Chem Ecol 21 427-438... 

Snakes, as a group, are visually cryptic and auditorially impoverished. Therefore, it is probable that chemical cues are quite important in mate location. The utilization of pheromone trails in the reproductive activity of snakes has been examined to some extent in temperate zone colubrids. In these snakes, sexual behavior occurs primarily in the spring. Males leave the hibernacula first and remain in the vicinity to court the females when they emerge. At this time, female snakes leave trails for the males to follow. The pheromone involved is likely the same lipoprotein (vitellogenin) which the females produce in the liver and secrete through the skin to stimulate male courtship activity (Garstka and Crews, 1981, this volume), although the only evidence for this is that the sexual pheromone trails are also produced by skin secretions and, like a lipoprotein, are non-volatile and persistent (Ford and Low, 1984). 

Alcock, J. (1978) Notes on male mate-locating behavior in some bees and wasps of Arizona (Hymenoptera Anthophoridae, Pompilidae, Sphecidae, Vespidae). Pan-Pac. Ent., 54, 215-25. 

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