Spiders, jumping

Most acetylenic compounds in plants are derived from meta-bolically altered fatty acids. These often are active in plant-insect relationships. 8-cis-Dihydromatricaria acid is also found in the defensive secretion of the soldier beetle (Chaulioqnathus 1econtei) (125), and has subsequently been shown to have anti-feedant properties against Phidippus spp. (jumping spiders) (126). As previously mentioned matricaria ester has antifeedant properties to the pink bollworm, bollworm and tobacco budworm (115). 

Ruhren, S. and Handel, S. N. (1999). Jumping spiders (Salticidae) enhance the seed production of a plant with extrafloral nectaries. Oecologia 119 227-230. 

These jumping spiders are known for their excellent vision, but there is evidence from several species that they also use pheromones for communication, as suggested by Crane (1949). More than 30 species now have been investigated, making this the most thoroughly studied family. The earlier work has been reviewed and will not be discussed in detail here (see Table 4.1 for list of species Pollard et al., 1987 Jackson, 1987). In addition, the variability of response to pheromones by individual males has been addressed (Jackson and Cooper, 1990). 

Clark, R. J. and Jackson, R.R. (1994). Self recognition in a jumping spider Portia labiata females discriminate between their own draglines and those of conspecifics. Ethology, Ecology and Evolution 6 371-375. 

Clark, R. J., Jackson, R. R. and Waas, J. R. (1999). Draglines and assessment of fighting ability in cannibalistic jumping spiders. Journal of Insect Behavior 12 ... 

Clark, R. J., Jackson, R.R. and Cutler, B. (2000). Chemical cues from ants influence predatory behavior in Habrocestum pulex, an ant-eating jumping spider (Araneae, Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 28 309-318. 

Comparative study of releaser pheromones associated with the silk of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae). New Zealand Journal of Zoology 14 1-10. 

Willey, M. B. and Jackson, R. R. (1993). Olfactory cues from conspecifics inhibit the web-invasion behavior of Portia, web invading araneophagic jumping spiders (Araneae Salticidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 71 1415-1420. 

Yoshida, H. and Suzuki, Y. (1981). Silk as a cue for mate location in the jumping spider, Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille) (Araneae Salticidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology 16 315-317. 

Several other types of venomous spiders should be mentioned here. Running spiders (Chiranth-ium species) are noted for the tenacity with which they cling to the bite area, causing a sharply painful wound. The bites of cobweb spiders (Steatoda species) cause localized pain and tissue damage. Venomous jumping spiders (Phidippus species) produce a wheal (raised area) up to 5 cm across in the bite area. 

Phidippus The jumping spider produces a sharp painful bite with redness, pain, edema, and pruritus. The swelling usually subsides within 48 h, but in one report symptoms persisted for 1 week. A small ulcer with eschar may form. No systemic toxicity is expected. 

Taylor, P.W. 1997. Agonistic communication between males of Plexipus paykulli, a jumping spider (Araneae, Sal-ticidae). Adv. In Ethology 32, 149. 

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