Mastitis properties

Munro G L, Grieve P A and Kitchen B J (1984), Effects of mastitis on milk yield, milk composition, processing properties and yield and quality of milk products , Australian Journal of Dairy Technology, 39, 7-16. 

Early detection of mastitis and immediate treatment reduces pathologic damage and increases the likelihood of eliminating the infection. Because therapy is given without identification of the pathogen involved, a product with a broad antibacterial spectrum is essential (4. The desirable kinetic and other properties of an intramammary antibiotic product for treatment in lactation have been summarized by Ziv (23). 

Phenylbutazone, the major suxibuzone metabolite, has been approved by the FDA for use in dogs and horses (87). It is not licensed in cattle but its properties make it useful in this species for the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, mastitis, endotoxemia, and castration. Since there is evidence of extralabel use for treatment of mastitis in lactating cows, residues of this drug may be found in bovine milk. 

Ketoprofen is an arylpropionic acid derivative that contains a single asymmetrical carbon atom and therefore exists in two enantiomeric forms that differ in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties (96). It is available for veterinary use in products containing the racemic mixture, and is indicated for treatment of respiratory infections in sheep and mastitis-metritis-agalactia syndrome in the sow. The recommended dosage is 3 mg/kg bw in a single injection (97). 

Pokeweed is stated to possess antirheumatic, anticatarrhal, mild anodyne, emetic, purgative, parasiticidal, and fungicidal properties. Traditionally, it has been used for rheumatism, respiratory catarrh, tonsillitis, laryngitis, adenitis, mastitis, mumps, skin infections (e.g., scabies, tinea, sycosis, acne), mammary abscesses, and mastitis. 

An ideal antimicrobial agent for systemic therapy of bovine mastitis should possess the following properties ... 

Due to the anti-bacterial property of nisin, it was used as safe food preservation in over 50 countries around the world, particularly in dairy products, canned foods, plant protein foods, and cured meat. Investigators from multiple fields have shown promising results for the use of nisin to treat bacterial infections, such as mastitis in humans and cows (Cao et al., 2007 Fernandez et al., 2008 Wu et al., 2007), Staphylococcus aureus infections in atopic dermatitis (Valenta et al., 1996), respiratory tract infections (Bush and Macielag, 2000 De Kwaadsteniet et al., 2009), and experimental gingivitis in dogs (Howell et al., 1993). Since nisin is safe for human consumption as a food preservative, its translation into a clinical setting may be facUltated. 

---