Mass spectrometry of carbohydrates and

Harvey D.J. (2003), Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 226, 1-35. 

Campa, C., Coslovi, A., Flamigni, A., and Rossi, M. (2006). Overview on advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry of carbohydrates a tabulated review. Electrophoresis 27, 2027-2050. 

Mass spectrometry of carbohydrates has become of interest, and offers potential for the identification of naturally occurring carbohydrates.254 This method may also be applicable in analyzing fragmentation products of polyglycoses. 

In 1987, Anne Dell s now classic chapter entitled FAB-Mass Spectrometry of Carbohydrates appeared in this series.1 At the time, it provided a much needed introduction to and summary of the capabilities of fast atom bombardment (FAB)2 mass spectrometry (MS), its practicalities, and its potential applications for carbohydrate analysis. The chapter immediately became the authoritative work, and in the intervening almost 20 years it has been neither replaced nor updated. 

P. Chen, A. G. Baker, and M. V. Novotny, The use of osazones as matrices for the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, Anal. Biochem., 244 (1997) 144-151. 

A. D. Zamfir, N. Dinca, E. Sisu, and J. Peter-Katalinic, Copper-coated microsprayer interface for on-line sheathless capillary electrophoresis electrospray mass spectrometry of carbohydrates,. / Sep. Sci., 29 (2006) 414 422. 

Klemer, Almuth. See Micheel, Fritz. Kochetkov, N. K., and Chizhov, O. S., Mass Spectrometry of Carbohydrate Derivatives, 21, 39-93 KORT, M. J., Reactions of Free Sugars with Aqueous Ammonia, 25,311-349 Kowkabany, George N., Paper Chromatography of Carbohydrates and Related Compounds, 9, 303-353 KRANTZ, John C Jr. See Carr, C. Jelleff. 

Laine RA (1992) Mass spectrometry of carbohydrates. In Allen HJ, Kisailus EC (eds) Gly-cononjugate Composition, Stmcture and Function. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 103... 

Mass spectrometry has proved to be a useful complement to other methods for elucidating the structure of cyclic acetals. The reader is referred to several excellent reviews on the mass spectrometry of carbohydrates that have appeared within the time span covered by this article.65a 65<1,66 Mass spectrometry is a valuable aid for distinguishing pyranose from furanose structures, and monoacetals from diacetals. It may also facilitate the assignment of ring location. However, it is generally insensitive to configurational differences. 

Much of the earlier work on the mass spectrometry of carbohydrates was discussed in this Series by Kochetkov and Chizhov, and the same authors have presented certain practical aspects of the technique. Hanessian described the application of mass spectrometry to natural products containing sugars, and other reviews have been written by Rosenthal and Heyns and coworkers. Lindberg and coworkers discussed the combined use of gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (g.l.c.-m.s.) with reference to alditol acetates and, elsewhere in this Series (see Vol. 29, Chapter 3), Ldnngren and Svensson amplified this topic. The purpose of the present Section is to collate those literature reports relevant to the determination of polysaccharide structures, but not to discuss such matters as the mechanism by which the fragments are formed, information on which can be found in the reviews and articles mentioned. 

J. A. Rodrigues, A. M. Taylor, D. P. Sumpton, J. C. Reynolds, R. Pickford, and J. Thomas-Oates, Mass spectrometry of carbohydrates Newer aspects, Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 61 (2008) 58-141. 

D. J. Harvey, B. Kiister, and T.J.R Naven, Perspeetives in the glyeoseienees— matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry of carbohydrates, Glycoconj. J., 15 (1998) 333-338. 

Zamfir, A., Koiug, S., Althoff, J. and Peter-Katalinc, J. Capillary electrophoresis and off-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry of carbohydrates. J Chromatogr A, 895, 291, 2000. 

Kochetkov, N.K. and Chizhov, O.S. (1966). Mass Spectrometry of Carbohydrate Derivatives . Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry, 21, 39-94... 

D-glucuronides, nucleosides, and nucleotides. A very brief comment on the mass spectrometry of carbohydrate derivatives has also appeared. ... 

A number of reviews of mass spectra of carbohydrates have been published from which references to the original papers are available (4, 9, 11, 24, 26). The application of mass spectrometry to this field was initially limited by the relatively low volatility of free carbohydrates and by the complex spectra obtained from some derivatives. These limitations have been partially overcome by new inlet techniques and by pioneering studies on classes and derivatives in order to understand the characteristic fragmentations and rearrangements of the molecular ions of a wide range of carbohydrates. 

Black, G.E. and Fox, A., Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling carbohydrates in whole bacterial cell hydrolysates, in Biochemical and Biotechnological Applications of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, ACS Symposium Series, Snyder, A.P. and Anaheim, C.A., Fids., Washington, D.C., 1995, chap. 4. 

Gilbart, J. Fox, A. Morgan, S. L. Carbohydrate profiling of bacteria by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Chemical derivatization and analytical pyrolysis. Eur. I. Clin. Microbiol. 1987, 6,715-723. 

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