Mass spectrometry biomarker techniques

Additionally it has been our experience that mass spectrometry as a routine detection/identification technique for bacteria is not well received by microbiologists and clinicians who prefer less expensive, less complicated approaches to bacterial typing and identification, such as methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). For that reason we have adapted our MS approach to serve as a means of biomarker discovery that feeds candidate proteins or leads into development as PCR targets or other immunoassay techniques. 

Hence, direct mass spectrometry techniques, either using El or ESI, appear to be powerful and innovative analytical tools for elucidating the structure of the main biomarkers present in a wide range of waxes and lipids that may be preserved in archaeological objects and in museum works of art. In most cases, they have nevertheless to be cautiously exploited in combination with other complementary analytical techniques. 

If the scope of mass spectrometry is limitless, why are the applications of clinical MS almost completely small molecules The answer is that most clinical tests analyze small molecules, biomarkers that are either metabolites or steroids and, hence, mass spectrometers would target those first. Perhaps a more complete answer would also include that methods must be very robust, easily reproduced in different labs, reliable, and subjected to an extensive array of validation tests. Although peptide and protein analysis is increasing rapidly in clinical labs, the MS approaches to these assays is lagging behind somewhat. MS techniques targeting these peptides and proteins exist, but they are primarily in the research stage, with few systems and methods subjected to the clinical rigors of validation. Once the necessary validations occur and methods simplified, it will only be a short time before MS is used routinely in clinical proteomics. 

Mahmoud H. Hamdan Cancer Biomarkers Analytical Techniques for Discovery Chabbil Dass Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry Kevin M. Downard (Editor) Mass Spectrometry of Protein Interactions... 

Traditional biochemical techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), gel electrophoresis, capillary electrophoresis (CE), and mass spectrometry (MS) have been widely used for the complete analysis of salivary proteins and peptides. The recent advances in these technical approaches applied to peptidomics have allowed a better comprehensive analysis of peptides in human whole saliva, envisioning the identification of potential salivary biomarkers of oral and systemic diseases. Sample preparation is a critical experimental step for the successful identification of peptides using MS-based approaches, for their quantitation and identification of PTMs. 

Perspectives Novel Techniques to Search for AD Biomarkers -Mass Spectrometry (MS), Differential Cel Electrophoresis (DICE), and Multiplexing... 

In the pharmaceutical industry, the techniques are being used to examine off-target effects particularly for the early identification of toxicity. MOA can be studied through metabolomics and can also be used as a quality control tool for complex mixtures such as foods or herbal medicines. Similarly, the tools and expertise of natural products chemists are essential in metabolomics, particularly in biomarker discovery (see also Volume 9). Biomarker discovery via untargeted metabolomics can lead to metabolite signatures (nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), etc.) that are not present in current metabolomics databases. This is particularly true for plant secondary metabolism studies and nonmammalian metabolites. Structure elucidation then becomes critical to understanding the metabolomics results and for biomarker development. 

Isabella Dalle-Donne, Andrea Scaloni, and D. Allan Butterfield Redox Proteomics From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases Silas G. Villas-Boas, Ute Roessner, Michael A.E. Hansen, Jom Smedsgaard, and Jens Nielsen Metabolome Analysis An Introduction Mahmoud H. Hamdan Cancer Biomarkers Analytical Techniques for Discovery Chabbil Dass Fundamentals of Contemporary Mass Spectrometry Kevin M. Downard (Editor) Mass Spectrometry of Protein Interactions Nobuhiro Takahashi and Toshiaki Isobe Proteomic Biology Using LC-MS Large Scale Analysis of Cellular Dynamics and Function... 

---