Marketable Development Results

The power required for these apphcations ranges from lOOmW to 50kW. Many apphcations use methanol in DMFCs, methanol or LPG in connection with a reformer in PEFCs, or hydrogen in PEFCs, as energy carriers. Table 1.9 shows the most important developments for this segment in the last 20 years with a special focus on the German situation. 

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In addition, the copper industry s market development activities have resulted in appHcations such as clad ship hulls, sheathing for offshore platforms, automotive electrical systems including electric vehicles, improved automobde radiators, solar energy, fire sprinkler systems, parts for fusion reactors, semiconductor lead frames, shape memory alloys, and superconducting ceramics (qv) containing copper oxides. 

Over the past years, the annual revenues of Philips DAP have been rising steadily, underlining the importance of this division. These last five years an overall growth of almost 28% was generated, resulting 2,130 million euros in sales. It is the combined effort of marketers, developers, designers and manufacturers that has given Philips DAP a solid market position in the field of domestic appliances. 

The applications lab should be the center of product information. It should be staffed with people who not only carry out these functions, but also communicate the results with customers. For this reason a close relationship between market development and the applications lab is absolutely essential for a meaningful, coordinated approach to the customers, for more often than not the period between market development s first call and repeat order business will span two to three years. 

We can glean other information from Figure 1. The little peak in 1985 and the modest one around 1989-1990 resulted from hiring at software companies catering to the pharmaceutical industry. A lucrative market developed for computational chemistry software written to meet the needs of the... 

This development resulted in a relatively satisfactory stock performance in comparison with other basic materials industries such as steel and, in general, was more or less in line with the market as a whole until the mid 1990s (Fig. 3.3). The Asian crisis, however, proved quite a setback - wiping an estimated USD 25 billion off the industry s economic profit (return on invested capital minus WACC times invested capital) for Asian companies alone. The recovery of the Asian markets saw no matching improvement in the perception of the chemical industry by... 

Typical tests involved during development and their usual applicability are shown in Table 1. The use of these tests varies widely according to the requirements of the particular region of the world where the product will be marketed. The results of these tests and their effect, if any, on product effectiveness should demonstrate which tests are critical and need to be incorporated into the final product specifications. Tests that invariably become a part of the final product specifications are identity, assay, content uniformity, disintegration or dissolution, degradation products and tests such as visual inspection. 

At the time the first edition of this text was prepared, many envisioned that large markets would result from studies of adsorption-desorption processes in the manufacture of biochemicals. The markets have not developed but the potential still exists. Activated carbon is extensively employed for the decolorizing and deodorizing of many biochemicals but we lack information as to specific applications. 

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