Marbled soaps

C t or Olive-oil Soap.—Pure Olire-ofl Soap.—Mameillo 8om. < Irenoli Marbled Soap.—Notes on Motaing.—French Ponmibe 1... 

It has been ascertained that three pounds of olive-oil will yield five pounds of marbled Marseilles soap, whereas the same amount of oil will only produce four pounds four ounces of white soap, which proves that the former retains more water in its composition than the latter. French Marbled Soap.—Dussauce, in his admirable Treatise on the Manufacture of Soap, " gives an elaborate description of the manufacture of marbled soaps, as con-duoted in France, from which we give the following extracts —... 

Besides olive-oil, the earth-nut, sesame, linseed, coleseed, and black garden poppy-oils, greases, tallows, eio. are also used in the fabrication of marbled soaps but the soap resulting from these different combinations of oily and fatty makers, while being of good quality, cannot be compart to those obtained by the direct saponification of olive-oiL The latter are always denser, firmer, and finer. 

However, we may remark that the mixture of olive-oils with other oDs containing less stearine, gives, if not tile best) at least the finest kinds of marbled soap. They are also more unctuous, and their cut is softer and smoother, as they contain less stearate of soda than those prepared from olive-oil,—they are more detersive and more advantageous for use. 

Soda ash is not so suitable for the fabrication of marbled soaps as crude soda. Seing entirely deprived of colouring matter and of sulphnrets, when it enters in too large a proportion into the preparation of the lyeS it lessens the beauty and intensity of the marbling. 

The fabrication of marbled soaps requires several distinct operations, which may be thus summed up — 1. Preparation of the lyes. 2. Pasting, or saponification of the oils and fatty substances. 3. Separation of the saponified paste from the weak lyes it contains. 4. Coction (boiling). 5. Mottling or marbling/ ... 

Over-fatty Marble Soap is prepared from equal parts of the above soap and the flnest powdered marble, and it is said that it will be found useful in thinoing down the homy layer of acne, thus replacing pumice-stone Md sand-soap, and, whQe powdered marble rabs off or thickened epidermis, the over-fatty noinnd 60 the polished su ce smooth and normally micthbtp t... 

Soaps that are used for cleaning are sodium and potassium soaps. The Ca+2 and Mg+2 salts of fatty acids are insoluble in water, these salts are known as marble salts. 

To illustrate the problem for the product developer, one only has to enumerate the soils and surfaces. The soils can vary from simple dust and hair to dirt, hard water spots, and fingerprints to hardened grease, soap scum, and excrement. Although the usual household cleaning tasks are concentrated in only two rooms of the house, kitchen and bathroom, the number of different surfaces encountered are many. In the U.S., for example, there may be Formica , ceramic tiles, grout, lacquered wood, vinyl flooring, painted surfaces, brass, stainless steel, enamel, porcelain, aluminum, chrome, glass, marble, methyl methacrylate, and other types of plastics. All of these materials may occur within only two rooms of the same home ... 

Materials Dilute soap solution, marble, lime water, solutions of calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, ferric chloride, calcium sulphate, sodium carbonate, and borax. 

Europeans—dyed their hair red with soap. (The soap may have just taken dirt off a naturally red-headed people). And Pliny did strive to be comprehensive. He recorded processes involving metals, salts, sulfur, glass, mortar, soot, ash, and a large variety of chalks, earths, and stones. He describes the manufacture of charcoal the enrichment of the soil with lime, ashes, and manure the production of wines and vinegar varieties of mineral waters plants of medical or chemical interest and types of marble, gems and precious stones. He discusses some simple chemical reactions, such as the preparation of lead and copper sulfate, the use of salt to form silver chloride, and a crude indicator paper in the form of papyrus strips soaked in an extract of oak galls that changed color when dipped in solutions of blue vitriol (copper sulfate) contaminated with iron. 

London Mottled Soap is generally made from melted kitchen stuff, bone grease, cheap tallow, and any inferior fatty matter that will prove serviceable. The leys are ade from crude soda ash, termed black ashy the impurities in which give the mottled or marbled strike," for which this variety of soap is famed. The goods, as the fatty materials are called, are first put into the pan, when the first dose of ley, at sp. gr. 1 050, is run in, after which the fire is made up beneath the pan, and the materials brought to a steady boil. To assist the combination of the tty substances with the ley, a workman constantly... 

When quite cold, the soap is to he put into a marble mortar and well pounded with a wooden pestle, by which process the separated particles become united, and a perfectly homogeneous paste formed, which has a beautdiul pearly lustre hence it is sometimes called pearl soap. This preparation is usually perfiimed with oil of hitter almonds hence it is also called almond cream. 

Many perfumers prepare this soap in iron kettles with a double bottom, heated by steam some use siLyer kettles, which are preferable, because in them the soap will retain its whiteness. The engravingPig. 26 represents a jacket or kettle with a donble bottom, heated by steam. This kettle is of tinned copper, and may be also used to purify tallow and greases. The operation lasts in all ftom seven to eight hours. When the soap is entirely cooled dowl pour it into large stone jars, in which it is kept for use. Soft soap, as obtained by the saponification of fatty matters by potash, has not that bright nacreous pearly) appearance required for the toilet. To obtain it in this state it is ground in a marble mortar and aromatised with oil of bitter almonds. 

---