Manufacturing application

R. W. Jones, Sufur Dyes, Their Manufacture, Application, Fixation and Remopal, Martin Marietta Chemicals, Sodeyco Division, Rocky Mount, N.C., 1976. 

Zero-ODP alternatives are the substitutes of choice in many foam-manufacturing applications. However, the use of HCFCs is sometimes necessary in order to meet some product specifications. The viability of liquid hydro fluorocarbon (HFC) isomers in this industry remains to be proved, and hydrocarbon alternatives need to be better qualified, as well. 

Calculations of this sort are only of importance to the tower designer. Manufacturers application data will give the cooling range or capacity in terms of wet bulb, inlet water temperature and mass flow [16, 19]. 

Type of manufacturing Application of ICH GMP guide to indicated steps (shown in grey) of API manufacturing ... 

Dermal exposure to methyl parathion is not likely to be a health concern to the general population, with the possible exception of individuals in the immediate vicinity of a field during application of the pesticide. Dermal exposure, however, is a major source of exposure for workers directly involved in the manufacture, application, and cleanup of the chemical, and for field workers. Laundry workers cleaning the clothing of such workers may also be exposed. 

In the field of microelectronics, there is continuing research in developing new materials to be used in semiconductor fabrication. They must be formed as thin films in a controlled, reproducible and uniform manner to be useful in semiconductor manufacturing applications. Depth profiling by AES is used to assess the properties of such films. The samples are sputtered with an argon ion beam and analysis performed using standard sensitivity factors, and it is possible to demonstrate that such films are uniform throughout a depth of, say, 250 nm. 

Orme, M. Liu, Q. Smith, R. 2000. Molten aluminum micro-droplet formation and deposition for advanced manufacturing applications. Aluminum Transactions J. 3 95-103. 

Process analytics have already been utilized in process development, realizing all the benefits of the methodology in the R D environment without facing particnlar regulatory scrutiny as often assumed for commercial manufacturing applications. With the increased use of concepts like design of experiments. 

Figures 10 and 11 show a manufacturing application in which a resin s flow properties are measured in-sltu at a particular point in a thick laminate during cure in an autoclave. The sensor was inserted on the tool surface and in the center of a thick 192 TGDDM graphite epoxy laminate. Figure 10 shows the noise free raw data taken by the center sensor during cure in the 8x4 foot production size autoclave. Using the procedures described, the ionic mobility was measured at both the tool surface and the center of the thick laminate. In Figure 11, the sensor values of a show a 10 to 20 minute time lag in the point of maximum flow on the surface versus the laminate s center. Measurements of a versus q, as shown in...

Quinn and Paton (16) observed that the intensity and duration of mixing influenced the water uptake of the materials investigated, and that the measurement was not reproducible unless the time of agitation was constant (2 min was chosen). One product, sodium caseinate, required longer than a 2-min mixing time. These investigators state that the proposed technique measures water absorbed and retained under specific conditions, which may or may not apply to particular manufacturing applications. They do, however, state that this method with the application of limited... 

The chemical sensitivity or life expectancy of reverse osmosis membranes is very important for manufacturing application. Thus chlorine is the most well known reagent for water disinfection. Glaster et al. 61 inspected the influence of halogens on the performance and durability of reverse osmosis membranes. Cellulose acetate was unresponsive to halogen agents but polyamide-type membranes deteriorated rapidly when exposed to halogens. 

The application of Raman spectroscopy in primary manufacturing was reviewed by Fevotte [25] who put a special emphasis on crystallisation monitoring. It includes tables of typical applications in crystallisation monitoring and other transient processes, respectively. The author concludes that several open questions such as better calibration procedures, dependence on size distribution and sampling techniques need to be addressed before we will see a wider use of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical manufacturing applications. Yu et al. [26] presented a broader review of crystallisation control including in-line Raman for polymorph monitoring. The authors discuss future developments needed for the respective techniques and point out the potential of Raman spectroscopy for in-line polymorph detection. 

Maillard Technology Manufacturing Applications in Food Products... 

Other chlorinated chemicals, like pentachlorophenol (PCP), used to preserve wood, do contain some of the more highly chlorinated CDDs (those with more chlorine atoms), but 2,3,7,8-TCDD is not usually found. The use of PCP has been restricted to certain manufacturing applications. 

Rosato, D. V., et al., Filament Winding-Its Development, Manufacture, Applications, and Design, Wiley, 1064. 

Subliming ablators are being used in a variety of manufacturing applications. The exposure of some organic polymers to pulsed uv-laser radiation results in spontaneous ablation by the sublimation of a controlled thickness of the material. This photoetcliing technique is utilized in the patterning of polymer films (40,41) (see PHOTOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY). 

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